Planck Temperature

Introduction

The Planck temperature is 1.416784(16)×10^32 K. At this temperature, the wavelength of light emitted by thermal radiation reaches the Planck length. There are no known physical models able to describe temperatures greater than TP; a quantum theory of gravity would be required to model the extreme energies attained. Hypothetically, a system in thermal equilibrium at the Planck temperature might contain Planck-scale black holes, constantly being formed from thermal radiation and decaying via Hawking evaporation. Adding energy to such a system might decrease its temperature by creating larger black holes, whose Hawking temperature is lower. Physics based on Einstein’s universal model start to come apart at the seams when that temperature is reached. At temperatures that high, particle energies increase to a point where their gravitational forces are as substantial as any other kinds of fundamental forces. Gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear forces and weak nuclear forces combine into a single, unified force.