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| == '''Introduction''' ==
| | '''Powers and Abilities:''' [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Superhuman_Physical_Characteristics Superhuman Physical Characteristics], [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Martial_Arts Martial Arts], [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Telepathy Telepathy], [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Automatic_Translation Automatic Translation], [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Enhanced_Senses Enhanced Senses], [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Extrasensory_Perception Extrasensory Perception], [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Energy_Manipulation Energy Manipulation], [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Magic Magic], [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Blessed Blessed], Unconventional [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Resistance Resistance] to [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Power_Nullification Power Nullification], [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Power_Modification Power Modification], [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Power_Absorption Power Absorption] and [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Power_Mimicry Power Mimicry] (Skills are inscribed into the soul which resists any outside interference unless the interference is stronger than the soul's defenses, furthermore Unique Skills and above require a strong soul to possess them), [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Radiation_Manipulation Radiation Manipulation] and [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Creation Creation] (Monsters of significant aura can create an aura akin to radiation, that is extremely toxic to organic life and can induce death in high concentration. It will cause monsters to be born due to the high concentration of magic energy), [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Resistance Resistance] to [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Magic Magic] (Has an innate resistance to magic), [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Radiation_Manipulation Radiation Manipulation], [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Information_Manipulation Information Manipulation] (Magic Perception overloads the brain with so much information it would have killed a normal human, but can be used casually), and [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Data_Manipulation Data Manipulation] (The information from Magic Perception is turned into data, which overloads the human brain, but can be used casually) |
| This page's purpose is to consolidate calculations for those feats for better convenience in determining an object's or character's[[ Attack Potency]] or [[Durability]]. Please note, these calculations are typically low-ends or averages and may not be a one-size-fits-all due to outliers. I.E. freezing of an average human will most likely not apply to one that is exceedingly large or incredibly diminutive.
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| =='''Impact Feats'''==
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| ===<u>'''Getting Hit by a Car'''</u>===
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| ===='''If not slammed into a wall'''====
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| When being hit by a car, the linear momentum of the car+person system needs to remain the same. Linear momentum is m*v
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| The values vary based on the vehicle and the speed of course.
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| For example, assuming the human is 70 kg, the car is 1500 kg and that the car's speed is 11.176 m/s:
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| FinalSpeed = (MassCar*InitialSpeed):(MassPerson+MassCar)
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| Using the values above this is 10.677707006369426751592356687898 m/s.
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| KE of the person is 3990.4699419854760842224836707371 Joules
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| '''Street level'''
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| ===='''If slammed into a wall'''====
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| However, it should be noted that the above calculation assumes that the person is sent flying by the car. In some odd cases in fiction, the car stops and the character tanks the attack. Or in some cases, a character is slammed into a wall by a car. In these cases, the entire KE of the car scales to the character's durability.
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| '''KE= 1/2*mass*velocity^2''' (Where mass is in kilograms and velocity is in meters per second)
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| =====<u>'''Getting Hit by a Car'''</u>=====
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| 0.5*1500*11.176^2 = '''9.3677232e4 Joules - Wall level'''
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| This value assumes that this is an average-sized car weighing in at 1500 kg and travelling at 25 mph/11.176 m/s.
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| When travelling at '''45 mph''': 0.5(1500) * 20.1168^2 = 303,514.23168 joules, or '''303.5 Kilojoules''' - '''Wall level'''
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| When travelling at '''60 mph''': 0.5(1500) * 26.8224^2 = 539,580.85632 joules, or '''539.5 Kilojoules''' - '''Wall level'''
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| When travelling at '''70 mph''': 0.5(1500) * 31.2928^2 = '''734,429.49888 joules, or 734 Kilojoules - Wall level'''
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| Here are some values for other vehicle types and the like.
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| =====<u>'''Getting Hit by a Bus'''</u>=====
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| The average "traditional-sized" school bus weighs in at [http://www.scapt.org/files/download/school%20bus%20types.pdf 10,659.421 kg].
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| '''25 mph (Average suburb speed)'''= 0.5(10,659.421) * 11.176^2 = 665,696.702668 joules, or '''666 Kilojoules''' - '''Wall level'''
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| '''45 mph (Daily City travel speed)'''= 0.5(10,659.421) * 20.1168^2 = 2,156,857.31665 joules, or '''2.15 Megajoules''' - '''Wall level'''
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| '''60 mph (Traditional interstate travel speed)'''= 0.5(10,659.421) * 26.8224^2 = 3,834,413.00737 joules, or '''4 Megajoules''' - '''Wall level'''
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| '''70 mph (Highway speed limit)'''= 0.5(10,659.421) * 31.2928^2 = 5,219,062.14892063232 joules, or '''5.22 Megajoules - Wall level'''
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| =====<u>'''Getting hit by a Pickup Truck'''</u>=====
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| The average pickup trucks can weigh over [https://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/towing/towing-capacity/information/half-ton-truck.htm 4082.3 kg].
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| '''25 mph (Average suburb speed)'''= 0.5(4,082.3) * 11.176^2 = 254,945.709462 joules, or '''255 Kilojoules''' - '''Wall level'''
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| '''45 mph (Daily City travel speed)'''= 0.5(4,082.3) * 20.1168^2 = 826,024.098658 joules, or '''826 Kilojoules''' - '''Wall level'''
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| '''60 mph (Traditional interstate travel speed)'''= 0.5(4,082.3) * 26.8224^2 = 1,468,487.2865 joules, or '''1.5 Megajoules''' - '''Wall level'''
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| '''70 mph (Highway speed limit)'''= 0.5(4,082.3) * 31.2928^2 = 1,998,774.362185216 joules, or '''2 Megajoules - Wall level'''
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| =====<u>'''Getting hit by a Semi Truck'''</u>=====
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| The average semi-truck can weigh in excess of [https://www.wheatenfinancial.com/10-things-didnt-know-semi-trucks-truckers-split-personality-public-imagination-theyre-either-invisible-knights-highway-known-ever-ready-lend-hand-stra/ 36,287 kg].
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| '''25 mph (Average suburb speed)'''= 0.5(36,287) * 11.176^2 = 2,266,177.145056 joules, or '''2.27. Megajoules''' - '''Wall level'''
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| '''45 mph (Daily City travel speed)'''= 0.5(36,287) * 20.1168^2 = 7,342,413.94998144 joules, or '''7.34 Megajoules''' - '''Wall level'''
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| '''60 mph (Traditional interstate travel speed)'''= 0.5(36,287) * 26.8224^2 = 13,055,127.03695416 joules, or '''13 Megajoules''' - '''Wall level+'''
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| '''70 mph (Highway speed limit)'''= 0.5(36,287) * 31.2928^2 = 17,766,828.81723904 joules, or '''17.77 Megajoules - Wall level+'''
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| ===<u>'''Falling from Great Heights'''</u>===
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| The energy of a falling object can be calculated by gravitational potential energy, or PE = mgh.
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| However, in most cases in fiction, in order to make the character's durability impressive, the height is so great that it reaches terminal velocity ([https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Calculations#Terminal_velocity more details about that]).
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| The terminal velocity of a human being is around [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_fall 53 m/s].
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| Assuming the person is 70 kg:
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| KE = 0.5*70*53^2 = 9.8315e4 Joules
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| '''Wall level'''
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| Approximating that border without air resistance: 53 m/s / 9.8 m/s^2 = 5.4081632653061224s drop time.
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| r = (1/2)*a*t^2 gives the distance covered by such a long fall.
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| (1/2)*9.8*5.4081632653061224^2 = 143.316326530612242302 m
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| Therefore, one would have to drop 143.3 m before this calculation applies.
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| ===<u>'''A Human-Shaped Hole'''</u>===
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| A common gag in fiction is that someone gets slammed towards a wall so hard that a human-sized hole is left.
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| The average human body has a surface area of 1.9 m^2. Divide that in half and you get 0.95m^2, or 9,500 cm^2.
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| Assuming that the average human head's length (meaning, front to back) is 7/8ths of the average human head's height (23.9 cm). That will be used for the depth of the crater.
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| 7/8ths of 23.9 is 20.9125.
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| 20.9125*9500 = 1.9866875e5 cm^3.
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| For fragmentation (8 j/cm^3):
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| 198,668.75 * 8 = 1.589350e6 joules, '''Wall level'''
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| For violent fragmentation (69 j/cm^3):
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| 198,668.75 * 69 = 1.370814375e7 joules, '''Wall level+'''
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| If the wall is made out of steel:
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| Fragmentation:
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| 198,668.75 * 208 = 4.1323100e7 joules, or 0.009 Tons of TNT, '''Small Building level'''
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| Violent fragmentation:
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| 198,668.75 * 568.5 = 1.12943184e8 joules, or 0.027 Tons of TNT, '''Small Building level'''
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| ==='''<u>[[User_blog:CrimsonStarFallen/Cannonball AP|Getting hit by cannonballs]]</u>'''===
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| Using the standardized values, a cannonball weights [https://www.arc.id.au/CannonBallistics.html 32 lb (14.514 kg) and has a speed in between 1250 feet per second (381 m/s), 1450 ft/s (441.96 m/s) and 1700 ft/s (518.16 m/s)].
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| The formula for kinetic energy is as follows
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| KE= 0.5 * m * v^2, where mass= kg and v= m/s
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| Putting the values into [https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/physics/kinetic.php this KE calculator], we get the following:
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| ====6 lbs (2.72155 kg)====
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| Low end (381 m/s)= 197.531 kilojoule, 9-B, (Wall level)
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| Mid end (441.96 m/s)= 217.7 kilojoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| High end (518.16 m/s)= 265.8 kilojoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| ====12 lbs (5.44311 kg)====
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| Low-end (381 m/s)= 395 kilojoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| Mid-end (441.96 m/s)= 531.6 kilojoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| High-end (518.16 m/s)= 730.71 kilojoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| ====18 lbs (8.164663 kg)====
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| Low-end (381 m/s)= 592.6 kilojoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| Mid-end (441.96 m/s)= 797.4 kilojoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| High-end (518.16 m/s)= 1.09606 megajoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| ====24 lbs (10.88622 kg)====
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| Low-end (381 m/s)= 790 kilojoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| Mid-end (441.96 m/s)= 1.0632 megajoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| High-end (518.16 m/s)= 1.46 megajoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| ===='''32 lbs (14.515 kg)'''====
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| Low-end (381 m/s)= 1.05 megajoules, 9-B
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| Mid-end (441.96 m/s)= 1.41 megajoules, 9-B
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| High-end (518.16 m/s)= 1.94 megajoules, 9-B
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| ===='''42 lbs (19.0509 kg)'''====
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| Low-end (381 m/s)= 1.38 megajoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| Mid-end (441.96 m/s)= 1.86 megajoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| High-end (518.16 m/s)= 2.56 megajoule, 9-B (Wall level)
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| ==='''<u>Surviving a Fall from Low-Earth Orbit</u>'''===
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| So we want to calculate how much durability one would need to survive a fall from Low Earth orbit.
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| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit Low Earth orbit ]starts at 160km.
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| We will assume that a human like creature falls and that it starts at rest.
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| For the weight of the creature I will assume 60 kg.
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| '''High End'''
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| The whole energy of the fall comes from the gravitational potential energy. So we know that in total the kinetic energy on impact can not be higher than the initial gravitational potential energy.
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| The potential energy is given by the formula GMm/r_1 - GMm/r_2, where M is the mass of earth, m is the mass of the object falling, r_1 is the initial distance from the center of the earth and r_2 is the final distance from the center of the earth. G is the gravitational constant.
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| Radius of earth is 6371000 m = r_2
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| r_2 + 160000m = r_1
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| G = 6.67408*10^-11
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| M = 5.972*10^24 kg
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| m = 60 kg
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| So setting in we get:
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| (6.67408*(10^-11) * 5.972*(10^24) * 60)/6371000 - (6.67408*(10^-11) * 5.972*(10^24) * 60) / (6371000 + 160000) = 9.1959e7 J
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| '''Small Building level'''
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| '''Low End'''
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| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_fall The terminal velocity for a human is 53 m/s], near the ground.
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| So while someone falling from great heights might initially have a higher speed when going towards the ground the speed will drop towards that value.
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| 0.5*60*53^2 = 8.427e4 J
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| So at terminal velocity this would only be low end '''Wall level'''.
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| '''What is Realistic?'''
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| The actual value would likely lie somewhere inbetween those two.
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| One could try to do a more accurate method using the drag equation and the barometric formula, even though I am not quite sure whether that would work (at some point of the fall we would likely talk about supersonic stuff which it usually is hard to get the needed values for).
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| For now we would stay with '''Wall level''' for such a feat.
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| Also let us mention that this is only for low earth orbit falling. For higher alitudes the potential energy value would go closer to the kinetic energy when falling with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_velocity escape velocity], while for lower it would mostly just stay the same (the realistic value would go towards to terminal velocity value) except for short falls where not even that much speed if attained.
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| =='''Bone Breaking Feats'''==
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| ===<u>'''Breaking all the Bones of a Man's Body'''</u>===
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| On average, the weight of a man's bones is 15% of their body mass, which inof itself is 88.768027 Kilograms. 15% of that is 13.31520405 Kilograms.
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| The density of bone is 3.88 g/cm^3, which would mean that the total volume would be 13.31520405 divided by 0.00388, which equals 3431.75362113402 cm^3 for our volume.
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| To get the fragmentation values, we need to use the compressive strength of bones. To quote [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone Wikipedia], "bone has a high compressive strength of about 170 MPa (1800 kgf/cm²), poor tensile strength of 104–121 MPa, and a very low shear stress strength (51.6 MPa)"
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| So, low end is 51.6, mid is 104, high is 170. Plugging those all into our volume gets us....
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| Low End: 1.77078.486850515432e5 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| Mid End: 3.56902376598e5 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| High End: 5.83398115592783e5 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| ===<u>'''Breaking a Human neck'''</u>===
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| '''Volume of a Vertebra'''
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| The vertebrae that make up the neck are the cervical vertebrae and are 7 vertebrae in total. [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/dd00/2e525a3985e68b85abbc7074722ec5324a9b.pdf#page=3 However, due to finding info only for vertebra 3 through 7, ]the smallest one will be calced.
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| C3 pedicle: The pedicle is roughly a rectangular prism and there are two of them. 5.27 mm x 5.14 mm x 7.08 mm = 0.527 cm * 0.514 cm * 0.708 cm = 0.191781624 cm^3. 0.191781624 cm^3 * 2 = 0.383563248 cm^3
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| C3 vertebral body: The vertebral body is a cylinder. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2900026/ The mean height] is 15.1 mm and the radius 7.34 mm = 2.55575 cc.
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| '''Energy to Fragment the C3 Vertebra'''
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| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone#Mechanical The shear strength of bones is 51.6 MPa or J/cc]
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| (0.383563248 + 2.55575) x 51.6 = 151.6685635968 J
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| '''Athlete level'''
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| Keep in mind, this is just fragmenting most of the C3 vertebra. This does not take into account the lamina.
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| ===<u>'''Breaking a Bone'''</u>===
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| [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bone-resilience-depends-o/ The durability of a bone depends on the angle of attack].
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| A bone of a deceased 52-year old woman only required 375 Joules of energy when the force was applied within five degrees of the orientation of the collagen fibres. But the force increased exponentially when they applied it at anything over 50 degrees away from that orientation, up to 9920 Joules when they applied a nearly perpendicular force.
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| So breaking a bone would require 375-9920 Joules, depending on the angle of attack. That's '''Street level''' to '''Street level+'''.
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| =='''Vaporization Feats'''==
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| ==='''<u>Vaporizing a Human</u>'''===
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| '''Conditions'''
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| https://www.thoughtco.com/chemical-composition-of-the-human-body-603995
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| Okay, First off. To vaporize a human thoroughly at once, let’s assume the temperature change is 1800°F or 982.2°C https://www.cremationresource.org/cremation/how-is-a-body-cremated.html
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| Average body temperature is 97.7°F or 37.5°C
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| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body_temperature
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| So the temperature change is by 944.72°C
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| http://endmemo.com/physics/specificheat.php
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| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body_weight
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| The average human is 62 kilograms
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| '''STEP I'''
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| We will start with water
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| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_water
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| 60% of human mass is water, or 37.2 kilograms.
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| http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-thermal-properties-d_162.html
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| The heat capacity of water is 4.1813 kilojoules per kilogram
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| Plugging the values into [https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/specific-heat this calculator]
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| Specific Heat energy is '''146,945,868 joules'''
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| [https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/latent-heat We will use this calculator to find the latent heat of the water, which says water has a latent heat of 2264.705 kJ/kg.]
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| Plugging in the mass of water gives us '''84,247,026 joules'''
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| Adding these two values together we get '''231,189,783 J'''
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| '''STEP II'''
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| https://www.itis.ethz.ch/virtual-population/tissue-properties/database/heat-capacity/
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| Average amount for body fat is 2.348 kilojoules per kilogram
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| Fat seems to be 17% of body mass, or 10.54 kilograms going by the numbers shown
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| Plugging it into the specific heat energy calculator, we get '''23,379,855 joules'''
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| '''STEP III'''
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| Protein makes up 16% of body mass, which means it makes up 9.92 kilograms of the body
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| https://www.itis.ethz.ch/virtual-population/tissue-properties/database/heat-capacity/
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| Muscle has a heat capacity of 3.421 kilojoules per kilogram
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| Plugging it into the specific heat energy calculator, we get '''32,060,320 J'''.
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| '''STEP IV'''
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| For minerals, it makes up 6% of body mass, or 3.72 kilograms.
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| We will bone for this, specifically cortical bone, which is 1.313 kilojoules per kilogram.
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| We get '''4,614,353 J'''
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| '''STEP V'''
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| Carbohydrates make up merely 1% of human weight, or 0.62 kilograms
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| https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_are_the_Heat_capacities_of_carbohydrates_for_liquid_amorphous_glass_and_solid_states
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| Heat energy of sugar (carbohydrate) is 1.255 kilojoules per kilogram.
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| We get '''735,087 joules'''
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| '''Conclusion'''
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| Adding them together, we get '''291,982,509 J'''
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| '''Small Building level'''
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| As noted, we took values that were simplest and closest analogs, plus we did not include the latent heat from anything other than water.
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| ==='''<u>Vaporizing an average Building</u>'''===
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| * [[User blog:Graf Thorsdottir/Turning an average building to ashes|Turning an average building to ashes]]
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| **High end: 80% hollowness: 5.189e14 J = 124 kilotons. ('''Large Town level''')
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| **Mid end: 85% hollowness: 3.892e14 J = 93 kilotons. ('''Town level+''')
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| **Low end: 90% hollowness: 2.595e14 J = 62 kilotons ('''Town level+''')
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| =='''Melting/Heat Feats'''==
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| ===<u>'''Surviving the Heat of the Sun'''</u>===
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| '''Surface''' <u>1. Radiation:</u> For radiation we need to know the emissivity, surface area and temperature.
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| The temperature of the sun is about 5500°C per [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Sunlight Wikipedia].
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| For the surface area we take the surface of the average human body, since we assume that the person is submerged in the sun. The average body surface area is about 1.73 m^2 per [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_surface_area this] article.
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| | |
| The emissivity is about 1.2 at this temperature per [https://archive.org/stream/jstor-40711342/40711342#page/n1/mode/2up this] article.
| |
| | |
| Now we input this values into [http://www.endmemo.com/physics/radenergy.php this] calculator and get 130756044.60407 J/s.
| |
| | |
| <u>2. Conduction:</u> For conduction we need to know surface area, thickness of the material that the heat is transmitted through, the thermal conductivity of the material and the heat of the sun and the object.
| |
| | |
| Surface area and temperature of the sun can be taken from the radiation part.
| |
| | |
| Now for the material were the heat is transmitted through we will take human skin.
| |
| | |
| Human Skin is around 3mm thick. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin)
| |
| | |
| It has a thermal conductivity of about 0.209. (http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~valvano/research/Thermal.pdf)
| |
| | |
| Normal skin temperature is about 33°C. (http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/AbantyFarzana.shtml)
| |
| | |
| With that we have everything we need. We use [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatcond.html this] calculator to get a result.
| |
| | |
| The result is: 658901.0633333334 watts = 658901.0633333334 J/s.
| |
| | |
| Now we add both results together to get a final value: 658901.0633333334 J/s + 130756044.60407 J/s = 1.3141494566740333*10^8 J/s. '''Core''' Now a similar procedure for the core. The core of the sun is about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Core 15.7 million Kelvin hot]. The emissivity of the sun at temperatures such as this isn´t known, but the article that is linked to emissivity states says that the minimum lies at 6900°C. So we will use the minimum emissivity of 0.92 for this. Now we just need to input all values in the calculators again.
| |
| | |
| <u>1. Radiation:</u> 5.4829665830548E+21 J/s
| |
| | |
| <u>2. Conductiont:</u> 1892212356.0633333 J/s
| |
| | |
| 5.4829665830548E+21 J/s + 1892212356.0633333 J/s = 5.4829665830566922E+21 J/s
| |
| | |
| Note: This is for a human in the sun. If the character is a lot bigger or smaller than an average human, or if the character is made from another material, like for example metal, this numbers change.
| |
| | |
| '''Maximum internal energy intake''' If an object is heated it usually doesn´t get hotter than the source of the heat. If the object is as hot as the heat source the energy itself emits to its surroundings should be equal to the energy it is infused with.
| |
| | |
| That means there is a maximum amount of thermal energy an object can take in through a certain source of heat.
| |
| | |
| In order to calculate this energy we will just measure how much energy will be necessary to heat the object to this temperature, from the point that it has no internal energy, which should be 0K.
| |
| | |
| [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/human-body-specific-heat-d_393.html The specific heat capacity of a human body is 3470 J/kg.oC]
| |
| | |
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body_weight#Ideal_body_weight Average weight of a grown human is around 62 kg.]
| |
| | |
| '''Surface: '''The surface of the sun has a temperature of 5.773.2K.
| |
| | |
| 3470*62*5773.2 = 1.242046248E+9J
| |
| | |
| That is <u>Building Level</u>.
| |
| | |
| '''Core: '''The core of the sun has an temperature of 15 700 000K.
| |
| | |
| 3470*62*15 700 000 = 3.377698E+12J
| |
| | |
| That is <u>Multi-City Block Level+</u>.
| |
| ===<u>'''Melting a Plane'''</u>===
| |
| '''Specific Heat Capacity''' Titanium Ti-6Al-4V = [http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MTP641 526.3 J/kg-°C]
| |
| | |
| Steel = 510 J/kg-°C
| |
| | |
| Aluminium 2024-T3 = [http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MA2024T3 875 J/kg-°C]
| |
| | |
| '''Melting Point''' Titanium = 1604 °C
| |
| | |
| Steel = 1425 °C
| |
| | |
| Aluminium = 502 °C
| |
| | |
| '''Latent Heat of Fusion''' Titanium = 419000 J/Kg
| |
| | |
| Steel = 272000 J/Kg (This is for Iron, but is '''''nearly''''' the same ''though'')
| |
| | |
| Aluminium = 398000 J/Kg
| |
| | |
| Total Energy = (((526.3)*(7320.98084)*(1604-25)) + ((7320.98084)*(419000))) + (((510)*(23793.1877)*(1604-25)) + ((23793.1877)*(272000))) + (((875)*(148249.862)*(1604-25)) + ((148249.862)*(398000))) = 2.9861275268025227e11 Joules, or 71.37 Tons, '''City Block level+'''
| |
| ===<u>'''Melting a Tank'''</u>===
| |
| The mass of a tank is around 60 tons.
| |
| | |
| Materials of tanks and especially how much of which is there is mostly classified information. Using [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_armour#Composite this] article on composite armour we get 10% ceramics and 90% steel, given that the mechanics and everything will be made out of metal. For the ceramics we will assume Alumina, since that is also mentioned as a material used [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chobham_armour#Material here].
| |
| | |
| Specific heat of materials: Per [http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=thermal_properties_of_ceramics#specific_heat_capacity this] article:
| |
| | |
| “c” of alumina = 850 J/(kg*K)
| |
| | |
| “c” of steel = 481 J/(kg*K)
| |
| | |
| 2.2 Latent heat of fusion:
| |
| | |
| Steel: 260000 J/kg per [http://www.azom.com/properties.aspx?ArticleID=863 this] article.
| |
| | |
| Alumina: 620000 J/kg as per [http://www.azom.com/properties.aspx?ArticleID=52 this] article.
| |
| | |
| Melting point:
| |
| | |
| Alumina: 2072 °C (per wikipedia)
| |
| | |
| Steel: 1425 °C (per [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/melting-temperature-metals-d_860.html this])
| |
| | |
| Mass of materials: 6000 kg alumina, 54000 kg Steel
| |
| | |
| Assuming a tank is on average 20°C warm.
| |
| | |
| High end:
| |
| | |
| 850 J/(kg*K)*6000 kg *(2072 °C - 20 °C) + 620000 J/kg * 6000 kg + 481 J/(kg * K) * 54000 kg * (2072 °C - 20 °C) + 260000 J/kg * 56000 kg = 8.2043848e10 Joules, '''City Block level'''
| |
| | |
| Low end: 850 J/(kg*K)*6000 kg *(1425 °C - 20 °C) + 620000 J/kg * 6000 kg + 481 J/(kg * K) * 54000 kg * (1425 °C - 20 °C) + 260000 J/kg * 56000 kg = 6.193897e10 Joules, '''City Block level'''
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Durability to Tank Lava'''</u>===
| |
| [http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/how-hot-lava Lava can be between 700°C and 1250°C]. Given that we likely don´t know the heat of the lava let's work with 700°C.
| |
| | |
| [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFM.V71A1263A Emissivity of Lava is between 0.55 and 0.85]. At the given temprature it should be around 0.65.
| |
| | |
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_surface_area The average human body surface area is 1.73 m^2].
| |
| | |
| At last we input all this stats in [http://www.endmemo.com/physics/radenergy.php this] calculator. That results in 57182.306177806 J/s.
| |
| | |
| Now part 2 heat transfer through conduction.
| |
| | |
| Human Skin is around 3 mm thick. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin)
| |
| | |
| It has a thermal conductivity of about 0.209 (http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~valvano/research/Thermal.pdf)
| |
| | |
| Normal skin temperature is about 33°C (http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/AbantyFarzana.shtml)
| |
| | |
| Now we use [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatcond.html this] calculator. That gives us 80389.06333333334 J/s.
| |
| | |
| Now we add that together and get: 1.3757136951113934e5 J/s, '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| =='''Weather Feats'''==
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Destructive Energy of Winds'''</u>===
| |
| | |
| [https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/standard-atmosphere-d_604.html Air is 1.225 kg/m^3 at sea level.]I am going to find the energy of different winds at diffirent speeds and different sizes.
| |
| | |
| 1 m^3 of air:
| |
| | |
| 1 m/s = 0.6125 J = '''Below Average level'''
| |
| | |
| 5 m/s = 15.3125 J = '''Below Average level'''
| |
| | |
| 10 m/s = 61.25 J = '''Human level '''(A little over [https://sciencing.com/average-wind-speed-during-thunderstorm-24075.html Low-End wind speed of a thunderstorm])
| |
| | |
| 20 m/s = 245 J = '''Athlete level+''' (A little over the High-End wind speed of a thunderstorm and [http://www.tornadoproject.com/cellar/fscale.htm Low-end speed of an f0 tornado] )
| |
| | |
| 40 m/s = 980 J = '''Street level''' (Speeds of an F1 tornado and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale Category 1 hurricane] )
| |
| | |
| 50 m/s = 1531.25 J = '''Street level''' (An F2 tornado and Cat. 3 hurricane)
| |
| | |
| 70 m/s = 3001.25 J = '''Street level''' (An F3 tornado and Cat. 5 hurricane)
| |
| | |
| 90 m/s = 4961.25 J =''' Street level''' (An F4 Tornado)
| |
| | |
| 115 m/s = 8100.31 J = '''Street level''' (An F5 tornado)
| |
| | |
| 135 m/s = 11162.8 J = '''Street level+''' ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Bridge_Creek%E2%80%93Moore_tornado Highest wind speed recorded on Earth])
| |
| | |
| 170 m/s = 17701.3 J = '''Wall level''' ([https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2008/jupiter_lrs.html Great Red Spot wind speeds])
| |
| | |
| 500 m/s = 153125 J = '''Wall level''' ([https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/whycassini/planet.html Wind speed of Saturn])
| |
| | |
| 600 m/s = 220500 J = '''Wall level''' ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune#Climate Wind speed of Neptune])
| |
| | |
| 2415 m/s = 3572240 J = '''Wall level''' ([https://warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/5400mph_winds_discovered/ Fastest wind speed ever found on a planet])
| |
| | |
| This is only for 1 cubic meter of air and not taking account higher masses of air. And in terms of wind, unless it is a gust, these wind speeds are continous and would keep on delivering the same amount of joules over and over to whatever object.
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Creating a Storm'''</u>===
| |
| Storms are calculated with either CAPE, condensation, or KE (if applicable). You can read more about that [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Cloud_Calculations here]. Usually the storm clouds extend all the way to the horizon. The visibility on a normal day is 2000 km.
| |
| | |
| Storm clouds have a height of 8000 m.
| |
| | |
| π×8,000×20,000^2 = 10053096491487 m^3.
| |
| | |
| Multiplying that by 1.003 (density of cloud) gives us 10083255780961 kg.
| |
| | |
| '''CAPE'''
| |
| | |
| "Weak instability": 1.008325578096e16 Joules, 2.40995597059316 Megatons, '''Small City level'''
| |
| | |
| "Moderate instability": 2.520813945240e16 Joules, 6.02488992648291 Megatons, '''Small City level+'''
| |
| | |
| "Strong instability": 4.033302312384e16 Joules, 9.63982388237265 Megatons, '''City level'''
| |
| | |
| 1999 Oklahoma Tornado Outbreak: 5.939037654986e16 Joules, 14.1946406667937 Megatons, '''City level'''
| |
| | |
| 1990 Plainfield Tornado: 8.066604624769e16 Joules, 19.2796477647453 Megatons, '''City level'''
| |
| | |
| '''Condensation''' So, a storm is generally 1-3 grams per meter. We'll use 1 gram for this, so, it's 10053096491487 g, 10053096491.487 kg.
| |
| | |
| Now, for condensation, the value is 2264705 j/kg, so, put that with the above and it's
| |
| | |
| 2.2767297889753066335e16 Joules, 5.44151479200599 Megatons, '''Small City level+'''
| |
| | |
| '''KE'''
| |
| | |
| KE is a bit reliant on a specific timeframe, however in this case, the standard assumption is a minute. However, if it takes less then a minute, then you can make your own calc, assuming the storm qualifies for KE Standards
| |
| | |
| 20000/60 is 333.333333333333 m/s
| |
| | |
| Now, 0.5×10083255780961×333.333333333333^2 is....
| |
| | |
| 5.601808767200e17 Joules, 133.886442810720 Megatons, '''Mountain level'''
| |
| =='''Earth Feats'''==
| |
| ===<u>'''Destroying the Surface of the Earth'''</u>===
| |
| Earth's circumference = 40075 km
| |
| | |
| Explosion radius = '''20037.50 km'''
| |
| | |
| Y = ((x/0.28)^3)
| |
| | |
| Y is in kilotons, x is radius in kilometers.
| |
| | |
| Y = ((20037.50/0.28)^3) = 366485260009765.63 Kilotons of TNT
| |
| | |
| Only 50% of the total energy of the explosion is actually from the blast, so we need to halve the result. This part can be ignored if the explosion was an actual nuclear explosion.
| |
| | |
| 366485260009765.63/2 = 183242630004882.82 Kilotons of TNT, or 183.24 Petatons of TNT, '''Multi-Continent level'''
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Shaking the Earth'''</u>===
| |
| This method assumes that all they're doing is causing the Earth to quake via sheer brute Force. This is what is usually used for the standard Earthquake feat, but, if there's sufficient evidence they're also moving the plates via magic or sheer rule of cool, you can move to the next section.
| |
| | |
| Either way, first we'll need to determine the kind of magnitude needed to cause the entire Earth to quake. We'll assume that it feels like a Magnitude 4 across the world, just standard noticable shaking with no real damage.
| |
| | |
| To find how strong of an impact it truly was, you use this equation:
| |
| | |
| (Magnitude at distance) + 6.399 + 1.66×log((r/110)×((2×π)/360)) = Richter Magnitude of Earthquake, with r representing the distance away from it.
| |
| | |
| In our case, it would be, using half of the Circumference of earth,
| |
| | |
| (4)+6.399+1.66×log((20037.5÷110)×((2×π)÷360)) = Magnitude 11.2328648415393
| |
| | |
| Now, we take the magnitude and use the formula for a joulecount from said magnitude listed in [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/Earthquake_Calculations Earthquake Calculations]
| |
| | |
| 10^(1.5*(11.2328648415393)+4.8) is 4.459613919339E21 Joules, 1.06587330768147 Teratons, '''Small Country level'''
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''The Earth's Rotational Energy'''</u>===
| |
| [https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/vsbattles/images/b/ba/Mic.gif/revision/latest?cb=20160506130520 (Picture)]
| |
| The formula of the rotational energy is K= 1/2* Ι*ω^2
| |
| | |
| The moment of inertia of a sphere is 2/5mR^2
| |
| | |
| The Earth's angular velocity is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_rotation#Angular_speed 7.3*10^-5 rad/s]
| |
| | |
| Earth's Mass = 5.97e24 kg
| |
| | |
| Earth's radius = 6372000 m
| |
| | |
| Κ = 1/2*Ι*ω^2 = 1/5 * m*R^2 *ω^2 = 2.58e29 Joules, '''Moon level'''
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Splitting the Earth in half'''</u>===
| |
| Diametre of the Earth is 12 742 000 metres. Radius is 6 371 000 metres.
| |
| | |
| No feat, so I'll assume the Earth is split apart by 1 kilometre, or 1000 metres.
| |
| | |
| The centre of mass of each individual half is 3R/8 from the centre of the sphere.
| |
| | |
| U = GMm/r
| |
| | |
| M = m = mass of half of the Earth = 5.97237e+24/2 = 2.986185e+24 kg
| |
| | |
| G = Gravitational constant = 6.674×10^(−11) m^3⋅kg^(−1)⋅s^(−2)
| |
| | |
| r = Earth radius = 6 371 000 m
| |
| | |
| [[File:800px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg|center|700px]]
| |
| | |
| Here is a picture of the Earth. The diametre of the Earth is 627 pixels, or 12 742 000 metres.
| |
| | |
| For the split to be visible I'll assume 10 pixels or so. That's 203 222 metres.
| |
| | |
| Therefore the GPE of the unsplit Earth is still 1.245520136056038e+32 Joules. The split Earth is 1.194708429578599e+32.
| |
| | |
| So, the final tally would be 5.0811706477439e+30, or '''Small Planet level'''.
| |
| | |
| =='''Freezing Feats'''==
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Freezing a Human'''</u>===
| |
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body_weight Average human weight] = 62kg
| |
| | |
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_water On average 65% of the human body weight is water.]
| |
| | |
| So water mass = 0.65*62kg.
| |
| | |
| So total energy = 62 * 3500 * 38 + 0.65*62*1000*333.55 =21,688,065 Joules, '''Small Building level'''
| |
| | |
| =='''Crushing Feats'''==
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Crushing a Golf Ball'''</u>===
| |
| '''Materials of Golf Ball'''
| |
| | |
| [http://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Golf-Ball.html A golf ball is made of a rubber core, usually Polybutadiene, and a Ionomer or latex cover, usually Polyurethane ]
| |
| | |
| '''Energy Density of Materials'''
| |
| | |
| I will use compressive strength rather than shear since this is crushing the ball.
| |
| | |
| [https://www.azom.com/properties.aspx?ArticleID=1719 Polybutadiene = 2.35 MPa on average or 2.35 J/cc]
| |
| | |
| [https://plastics.ulprospector.com/generics/45/c/t/polyurethane-pur-properties-processing Polyurethane = 7305.75 PSI = 50.37137309 MPa = 50.37137309 J/cc on average]
| |
| | |
| '''Volume of Ball'''
| |
| | |
| The core of the ball is 3.75 cm in diameter. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_ball#Design The ball itself can be no less than 4.267 cm in diameter].
| |
| | |
| The core would be 27.61 cc. The entire ball would be 40.68 cc. To find the volume of the cover, subtract the core volume from the entire volume to get 13.07 cc for the cover.
| |
| | |
| '''Energy to Crush Golf Ball'''
| |
| | |
| 2.35*27.61 = 64.8835 joules for core
| |
| | |
| 13.07*50.37137309 = 658.3538463 joules for cover
| |
| | |
| 723.2373463 Joules in total, '''Street level'''
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Crushing a Human Skull'''</u>===
| |
| Compressive Strength of Bone - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone 170 MPa]
| |
| | |
| Weight of the Skull - [http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_weight_of_a_human_skull?#slide=2 997 g]
| |
| | |
| Density of Bone - [http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2002/AnnaYarusskaya.shtml 1.6 g/cm^3]
| |
| | |
| 997/1.6 = 623.125 cm^3
| |
| | |
| 170 MPa*623.125 cm^3 = 105,931 J
| |
| | |
| For shear strength:
| |
| | |
| Shear Strength of Bone - 51.6 MPa
| |
| | |
| 56.1 MPa*623.125 cm^3 = 34,960 J
| |
| | |
| '''Results'''
| |
| | |
| Head Crush (Compressive) - 1.05931e5 Joules, '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| Head Crush (Shear) - 3.496e4 Joules, '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| '''NOTE:''' In case the skull is destroyed in a swift blow, the shear value would apply, and in the case of the head being slowly crushed to pieces, the compressive value would apply.
| |
| | |
| =='''Potential Energy/Lifting Feats'''==
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Leaping onto a Roof'''</u>===
| |
| Another common feat in fiction is when a character is leaping high in the air usually to jump on a roof of a nearby building.
| |
| | |
| Small building (10 m)
| |
| | |
| PE = 70*10*9.81 = 6.867e3 Joules, '''Street level'''
| |
| | |
| Average building (30 m)
| |
| | |
| PE = 70*30*9.81 = 2.0601e4 Joules, '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| Tall building (70 m)
| |
| | |
| PE = 70*70*9.81 = 4.8069e4 Joules, '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| Skyscrapers (300 m)
| |
| | |
| PE= 70*300*9.81 = 2.0601e5 Joules, '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Snapping a Human Neck'''</u>===
| |
| | |
| The amount of force necessary to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6NZMAbfmW0#t=1m42s break a neck] is around [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging#Long_drop 1000-1250 lbf].
| |
| | |
| However, technique can [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/User_blog:XING06/Can_Opener_Neck_Crank_Force greatly reduce] the lifting strength necessary through leverage and [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5535002/ bodyweight application]. In addition, many fictional cases of neck snapping are outliers, with the characters never demonstrating similar lifting strength in any other capacity.
| |
| | |
| For these reasons, only use neck snapping as justification for Class 1 if the character has consistently demonstrated such strength with other feats.
| |
| | |
| =='''Object Destruction Feats'''==
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Destroying a Door'''</u>===
| |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20181228003347/https://www.woodweb.com/knowledge_base/Wood_Door_Thickness_and_Quality.html Standard size for a door is 203.2 cm tall, 91.44 cm wide, and 3.334 cm thick].
| |
| | |
| Volume = 61947.75 cm^3
| |
| | |
| [http://web.archive.org/web/20170322181309/http://www.narutoforums.com/xfa-blog-entry/because-fluttershit-sucks-and-we-need-something.34025/ Fragmentation values for wood and steel can be found here].
| |
| | |
| '''Wood Door''' Fragmentation = 516644.24 Joules
| |
| | |
| V. Frag = 1136121.74 Joules
| |
| | |
| Pulverization = 2907827.38 Joules
| |
| | |
| '''Steel Door''' Fragmentation = 1.289e7 Joules
| |
| | |
| V. Frag = 3.522e7 Joules
| |
| | |
| Pulverization = 4.058e7 Joules
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Destroying a Car'''</u>===
| |
| '''Mass and Weight of Materials'''
| |
| | |
| [https://www.epa.gov/fuel-economy-trends/highlights-co2-and-fuel-economy-trends#Highlight2 The EPA stated that an average vehicle produced in 2016 weighed, on average, 4,035 lbs.] or '''1830.245 kg'''
| |
| | |
| [https://www.worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/steel-markets/automotive.html On average, 900 kg of steel is used in the making of a vehicle. ] or '''49.1737444 %''' of the car.
| |
| | |
| [https://www.aluminum.org/news/unprecedented-growth-expected-automotive-aluminum-multi-material-vehicles-ascend-new-survey as of 2015, The average vehicle uses 397 lbs of aluminum]. or '''180.076 kg''' at '''9.838901349272913 %''' of the car.
| |
| | |
| [https://www.copper.org/publications/pub_list/pdf/A6191-ElectricVehicles-Factsheet.pdf The highest amount of copper used in an average conventional car is 49 lbs]. or '''22.226 kg'''at '''1.2143729391420275 %''' of the car.
| |
| | |
| [https://altairenlighten.com/news/plastic-reduces-weight-of-car-windows-by-50-percent/ The amount of glass in an average vehicle is 100 lbs]. or '''45.3592 kg''' at '''2.478313012738732%''' of the car
| |
| | |
| [https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Automotive/ Plastic makes up 10% of the weight of a car]. or '''183.0245 kg'''
| |
| | |
| [https://p2infohouse.org/ref/11/10504/html/intro/tire.htm Tires are made up of 14% natural rubber and 27% synthetic rubber with an average weight of 25 lbs]. or '''11.3398 kg'''. 14% of the tires is '''1.5875720000000002 kg'''. 27% is '''3.0617460000000003''' kg. Since there are 4 tirse we will time these numbers by 4. The total weight lf natural rubber is '''6.350288 kg''', or '''0.3469638217834225 %''' of the car. The total weight of synthetic rubber is '''12.246984 kg''', or '''0.6691445134394576%''' of the car.
| |
| | |
| [https://www.fcagroup.com/en-US/sustainability/overview/pubblicazioni/FiatDocuments/sustainability_report_2012_UK.pdf#page=114 The amount of cast iron in an average car is about 7.2%]. or '''131.77764000000002 kg'''.
| |
| | |
| This all accounts for about 80.92144004% of the weight for the car.This isn't at 100% but this is as much percentage of materials that could be found, so consider this a low-ball or a near complete fragmentation of a car.
| |
| | |
| '''Density of Materials'''
| |
| | |
| Steel = an average of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel#Material_properties 7.9 g/cm³]
| |
| | |
| Aluminum = 2.7 g/cm³
| |
| | |
| Copper = 8.96 g/cm³
| |
| | |
| Glass = an average of [https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2004/ShayeStorm.shtml 5 g/cm³]
| |
| | |
| Plastic = and average of 2.235 g/cc (http://www.tregaltd.com/img/density%20of%20plastics[1].pdf)
| |
| | |
| Natural Rubber = [http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=elastomer_polyisoprene_natural_rubber 0.92 g/cm³]
| |
| | |
| Synthetic Rubber = We[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybutadiene will use polybutadiene since it is mostly used in car tires]. 0.925 g/cm^3
| |
| | |
| Cast Iron = [https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/metal-alloys-densities-d_50.html an average density of 7.3 g/cm³]
| |
| | |
| '''Volume of Materials'''
| |
| | |
| Steel = 113,924.0506 cm³
| |
| | |
| Aluminum = 66,694.81481 cm³
| |
| | |
| Copper = 2,480.580357 cm³
| |
| | |
| Glass = 9,071.84 cm³
| |
| | |
| Plastic = 81,890.1566 cm³
| |
| | |
| Natural Rubber = 6,902.486957 cm³
| |
| | |
| Synthetic Rubber = 13239.9827 cm³
| |
| | |
| Cast Iron = 18,051.73151 cm³
| |
| | |
| '''Energy to Fragment Materials'''
| |
| | |
| [https://www.portlandbolt.com/technical/faqs/calculating-strength/ To find shear strength from tensile strength, just times the ultimate tensile strength by 0.60].
| |
| | |
| Steel = 208 j/cc
| |
| | |
| [http://www.matweb.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?MatGUID=f3cd25980ab24fdaa5893252cd2bc192 Cast Iron = 149 MPa or j/cc]
| |
| | |
| Glass = 0.75 j/cc
| |
| | |
| Aluminium = [https://www.experimentalaircraft.info/articles/aircraft-aluminum.php 40000 PSI = 275.79 megapascales = 275.79 J/cc ]
| |
| | |
| Copper = [https://www.copper.org/applications/architecture/arch_dhb/technical-discussion/fundamentals/intro.html 25,000 PSI = 172.36893 MPa = 172.36893 J/cc]
| |
| | |
| Plastic = It is insanely difficult for me to find plastic mechanical properties. Polypropylene will be used since it is used for most cars, especially in their bumpers. [https://www.makeitfrom.com/material-properties/Polypropylene-PP-Homopolymer an average of ]38.7 [https://www.makeitfrom.com/material-properties/Polypropylene-PP-Homopolymer MPa = ]38.7 [https://www.makeitfrom.com/material-properties/Polypropylene-PP-Homopolymer j/cc]
| |
| | |
| Natural Rubber =[http://web.mit.edu/course/3/3.225/book.pdf#page=114 0.001 GPa = 1 MPa = 1 J/cc]
| |
| | |
| Synthetic Rubber = [https://www.azom.com/properties.aspx?ArticleID=1719 4.285714286 MPa = 4.285714286 J/cc]
| |
| | |
| '''Total Energy'''
| |
| | |
| 23,696,202.52 Joules for all the steel
| |
| | |
| 2689707.995 Joules for all the iron
| |
| | |
| 6803.88 Joules for all the glass
| |
| | |
| 18,393,762.98 Joules for all the aluminum
| |
| | |
| 3169149.06 Joules for all the plastic
| |
| | |
| 427,574.9819 Joules for all the copper
| |
| | |
| 56742.783 joules for Synthetic Rubber
| |
| | |
| 6902.486957 Joules for all the natural rubber
| |
| | |
| Adding this all up is 48,446,846.69 Joules = '''Small Building level'''
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Destroying a Tree'''</u>===
| |
| '''Volume of Tree'''
| |
| | |
| A white oak tree will be used since they are somewhat common and are not overly large.
| |
| | |
| [https://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_qual.pdf White Oak = 30 m height, 1.27 meter diameter]
| |
| | |
| Plugging this into the formula for volume of a cylinder since tree trunks are cylindrical = 38 m^3
| |
| | |
| '''Energy to Destroy Tree'''
| |
| | |
| [https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr113/ch04.pdf The weakest wood that could be found comes from Ceiba pentandra at 350 PSI = 2.41317 MPa = 2.41317 J/cc. The hardest wood that could be found is Dalbergia nigra at 2360 PSI = 16.27163 MPa = 16.27163 J/cc]
| |
| | |
| Low End: 2.41317*38000000 = 9.1700460e7 Joules, 0.022 Tons of TNT, '''Small Building level'''
| |
| | |
| High End: 16.27163 x 38000000 = 6.1832194e8 Joules, 0.148 Tons of TNT '''Small Building level+'''
| |
| | |
| The high end is a low ball since Dalbergia nigra is not the hardest type of wood. The low end could go lower since wood like balsa is weaker than Ceiba pentandra.
| |
| | |
| This also doesn't take into account branches either.
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Destroying a Wrecking Ball'''</u>===
| |
| '''Volume of Ball'''
| |
| | |
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrecking_ball The weight of a wrecking ball ranges from 450 kg to 5400 kg and they are made of steel.]
| |
| | |
| Steel = density of 7.9 g/cc
| |
| | |
| 450000/7.9 = 56962.02532 cc
| |
| | |
| 5400000/7.9 = 683544.3038 cc
| |
| | |
| '''Energy to Destroy Wrecking Ball'''
| |
| | |
| Steel = 208 J/cc
| |
| | |
| Low-end: 208*6962.02532 = 1.184810127e7 Joules, '''Wall level+'''
| |
| | |
| High-end: 208*683544.3038 = 1.421772152e8 Joules, or 0.034 Tons of TNT, '''Small Building level'''
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Breaking off a Lock'''</u>===
| |
| '''Volume of shackle'''
| |
| This is a fairly standard lock.
| |
| | |
| [[File:MUL-T-LOCK-TSR25_size.png|thumb|400px]]
| |
| | |
| There will be no measurement to how much energy it takes to completely fragment a lock since most are just broken off. So, it will be just the measurement of the shackle and not the rest of the lock.
| |
| | |
| The lock is one inch or 61 px. or 0.04163934426 cm a pixel
| |
| | |
| Red = Portion that is a cylinder is 44 px or 1.832131147 cm
| |
| | |
| Pluging in the values of the radius of the shackle with the height gives me 1.78 cc x 2 = 3.56 cc for both sides.
| |
| But, this doesn't take into account the curved portion. So to find the volume of that, I'll just use the volume of a torus x 0.5.
| |
| | |
| Orange = Major radius 30 px or 1.249180328 cm
| |
| | |
| This gives a volume of 2.36 cc
| |
| | |
| 2.36 + 3.56 = 5.92 cc
| |
| | |
| Since this is just breaking off the lock, the shackle is not usually fragmented completely, so it would be best to just use 1/4 of the volume = 1.48 cc
| |
| | |
| '''Energy to Destroy Shackles'''
| |
| | |
| [https://www.portlandbolt.com/technical/faqs/calculating-strength/ To find shear strength from tensile strength, just times the ultimate tensile strength by 0.60].
| |
| | |
| [https://www.masterlock.com/cms/keying/best-padlock Lock shackles are typically made of Brass, normal Steel, stainless steel, hardened steel, and boron alloy steel]
| |
| | |
| [http://elginfasteners.com/resources/materials/material-specifications/brass-material/ Brass is 235 MPa or 235 J/cc]
| |
| | |
| Steel = 208 j/cc
| |
| | |
| Hardned Steel = [http://www.interlloy.com.au/our-products/case-hardening-steels/en36a-case-hardening-steel/ Tensile strength is at least 1000 MPa]. 1000 x 0.60 = shear strength 600 MPa = 600 J/cc
| |
| | |
| Stainless Steel = [http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=mq304a Tensile strength is 505 MPa]. 505 x 0.60 = 303 MPa = 303 J/cc
| |
| | |
| Cannot find boron alloyed steel tensile or shear strength.
| |
| | |
| Steel = 307.84 J
| |
| | |
| Low-End = '''Street level'''
| |
| | |
| Brass = 347.8 J
| |
| | |
| Mid-Low End = '''Street level'''
| |
| | |
| Stainless Steel = 448.44 J
| |
| | |
| Mid-High End = '''Street level'''
| |
| | |
| Hardened Steel = 888 J
| |
| | |
| High-End = '''Street level'''
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Destroying Blades'''</u>===
| |
| '''Volumes of Blades'''
| |
| | |
| [https://myarmoury.com/review_alb_knight.html A knightly (or short) sword blade is typically 31 3/8 inches long, 2 inches wide, and .192 inches thick] [https://wiktenauer.com/wiki/Category:Longsword A long sword blade is at least 90 cm long 4.14 mm thick]
| |
| [https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/vsbattles/images/3/38/320px-Espadon-Morges.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20181223065752]
| |
| | |
| Red = length 90 cm or 964 px at 0.09336099585 cm a pixel
| |
| | |
| Orange = Width 30.1 px or 2.810165975 cm
| |
| | |
| Longsword = 104.71 cc
| |
| | |
| Shortsword = 200.58 cc
| |
| | |
| Energy to Destroy Blades
| |
| | |
| Assuming they are made of steel.
| |
| | |
| Longsword = 2.177968e4 Joules, '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| Shortsword = 4.172064e4 Joules, '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| Note: This is the fragmentation of an entire blade, but not the hilt.
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Destroying a Chimney'''</u>===
| |
| '''Volume of Chimney'''
| |
| | |
| [https://www.environmentalintegration.com/chimney-sale/ I could not find the average size of a chimney so I'll just use this one for a baseline. It is 8 feet tall and 2 feet wide and long.]
| |
| | |
| [https://rechneronline.de/pi/hollow-cuboid.php I will use this calculator to find the volume of a hollow cuboid] .
| |
| [https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/vsbattles/images/6/64/Chimney-with-dimensions.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20181223163958]
| |
| | |
| length = Red 243.84 cm or 239 px at 1.020251046 cm a pixel
| |
| | |
| Outer Edge B and C = 60.96 cm
| |
| | |
| thickness = Orange 11.4 px or 11.63086192 cm
| |
| | |
| inner Edge B and C = 60.96 - (2 x 11.63086192) = 37.69827616 cm
| |
| | |
| V = 559,603.43 cc
| |
| | |
| '''Energy to destroy chimney'''
| |
| | |
| [http://www.hms.civil.uminho.pt/ibmac/1982/16.pdf#page=22 Brick is, on average, 3.49375 MPa or 3.49375 J/cc]
| |
| | |
| let's assume 50% is brick while the other half is cement.
| |
| | |
| 279801.715 x 3.49375 = 977557.2418 Joules
| |
| | |
| 279801.715 x 8 = 2238413.72 Joules
| |
| | |
| 3.215970962e6 Joules in total, '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Destroying a Barrel'''</u>===
| |
| '''Volume of Barrel '''
| |
| | |
| [http://socialvignerons.com/2016/06/27/anatomy-of-a-wine-barrel-parts-sizes-infographic/ Barrels, when empty, weigh around 50 kg or 50,000 grams]
| |
| | |
| Barrels are typically made of oak and steel hoops. Assuming the barrel is 90% wood and 10% steel.
| |
| [https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/wood-density-d_40.html The density of white oak is 0.77 g/cc]
| |
| | |
| Wood = 45000/0.77 = 58441.55844 cc
| |
| | |
| Steel = 5000/7.9 = 632.9113924 cc
| |
| | |
| '''Energy to Destroy Barrel '''
| |
| | |
| Some barrels are destroyed completely or just their wooden parts.
| |
| | |
| '''Whole Barrel:'''
| |
| | |
| [http://web.archive.org/web/20170428054611/http://www.hardwoodinfo.com:80/articles/view/pro/24/321 White oak has an average shear strength of 1935 PSI or 13.34136 MPa = 13.34136 J/cc]
| |
| | |
| Steel = 208 x 632.9113924 = 131645.5696 joules
| |
| | |
| Wood = 13.34136 x 58441.55844 = 779689.8701 J
| |
| | |
| 911335.4397 joules
| |
| | |
| '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| '''Just the Wood:'''
| |
| | |
| Wood = 13.34136 x 58441.55844 = 779689.8701 J
| |
| | |
| '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Destroying a Skyscraper'''</u>===
| |
| Mass of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyscraper#Modern_skyscrapers Skycraper] = Around [https://www.quora.com/How-much-does-a-skyscraper-weigh 222500 tons]
| |
| | |
| http://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/rate-analysis-for-reinforced-concrete/6954/
| |
| | |
| 154 % = 28 % Cement
| |
| | |
| 154 % = 42 % Sand (which 85 % of Sand or 35.7% of the RC)
| |
| | |
| 154 % = 84 % Coarse (Granite is a good assumption)
| |
| | |
| Cement = 40454.55 Tons = 40454550 kg
| |
| | |
| Silica = 51579.55 Tons = 51579550 kg
| |
| | |
| Granite = 121363.64 Tons = 121363640 kg
| |
| | |
| Cement = 40454550/1250 = 32363.64 m^3
| |
| | |
| Silica = 51579550/2650 = 19463.9811 m^3
| |
| | |
| Granite = 121363640/2700 = 44949.4963 m^3
| |
| | |
| '''Fragmentation:'''
| |
| | |
| Low End: Using Reinforced Concrete Shear Strength:
| |
| | |
| (32363640000+19463981100+44949496300) cm^3*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete#Materials 28 J/cc] 2.7097592872e12 Joules, or 647.648013 Tons, '''Multi-City Block level+'''
| |
| | |
| High End: Using Each Material Shear Strength:
| |
| | |
| Cement = 6*32363640000 = 194181840000 J
| |
| | |
| Silica = [http://www.mt-berlin.com/frames_cryst/descriptions/quartz%20.htm 70]*19463981100 = 1362478677000 J
| |
| | |
| Granite = [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/grading-terms-d_1721.html 103.42]*44949496300 = 4.64867691e12 J
| |
| | |
| Total Energy = 6.20533743e12 Joules, or 1.48311124 Kilotons, '''Small Town level'''
| |
| | |
| Another method:
| |
| | |
| [https://en.www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_State_Building 381×129.2×57 mts] = 2805836.4 m^3
| |
| | |
| 90 % hollowness = 280583640000 cm^3
| |
| | |
| Fragmentation: Low End: Using Reinforced Concrete Shear Strength: 280583640000 cm^3×28 J/cm^3 = 7.85634192e12 joules or 1.87771078 Kilotons '''Small Town level'''
| |
| | |
| High End: Using Each Material Shear Strength:
| |
| | |
| Percentages of material:
| |
| | |
| 154 % = 28 % Cement
| |
| | |
| 154 % = 42 % Sand (which 85 % of Sand or 35.7% of the RC)
| |
| | |
| 154 % = 84 % Coarse (Granite is a good assumption)
| |
| | |
| Volume:
| |
| | |
| Cement = (280583640000×28)/154 = 51015207300 cm^3
| |
| | |
| Silica = (280583640000 cm^3×35.7)/154 = 65044389300 cm^3
| |
| | |
| Granite = (280583640000 cm^3×84)/154 = 153045622000 cm^3
| |
| | |
| Frag:
| |
| | |
| Cement = 6 J/cm^3*51015207300 cm^3 = 306091243800 joules
| |
| | |
| Silica = 70 J/cm^3*65044389300 cm^3 = 4.55310725e12 joules
| |
| | |
| Granite = 103.42 J/cm^3*153045622000 cm^3 = 1.58279782e13 joules
| |
| | |
| Total Energy = 306091243800+4.55310725e12+1.58279782e13 Joules = 4.9443539 Kilotons, '''Small Town level+'''
| |
| | |
| '''Melting:'''
| |
| | |
| Specific Heat Capacity:
| |
| | |
| Silica = 730 J/kg-°C
| |
| | |
| Alumina = 880 J/kg-°C
| |
| | |
| Granite = 790 J/kg-°C
| |
| | |
| Melting point:
| |
| | |
| Granite = 1237.5 °C [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite Average]
| |
| | |
| Silica = 1600 °C
| |
| | |
| Alumina = 2050 °C [http://www.azom.com/properties.aspx?ArticleID=52 Average]
| |
| | |
| Latent heat of fusion:
| |
| | |
| Granite = 335000 J/Kg
| |
| | |
| Silica = 50210 J/mol
| |
| | |
| (So: Molar Mass = 60.0843 g/mol = 3099121156065 mol)
| |
| | |
| Alumina = 620000 J/mol
| |
| | |
| (So: Molar Mass = 101.96 g/mol = 928067727000 mol)
| |
| | |
| Total Energy (No Cement) = (((790)*(121363640)*(2050-25)) + ((121363640)*(335000))) + (((730)*(51579550)*(2050-25)) + ((3099121156065)*(50210))) + (((880)*(9102272.72)*(2050-25)) + ((928067727000)*(620000))) = 7.3133614000828819e17 Joules, or 174.793533 Megatons, '''Mountain level''' (And that's without Cement)
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Destroying a Plane'''</u>===
| |
| [http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/classic/boeing-7471.htm 403500 lbs = 183024.521 Kgs]
| |
| | |
| [http://i.stack.imgur.com/IbUh4.jpg Percentages:]
| |
| | |
| 4% Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) = 7320.98084 kg
| |
| | |
| 13% Steel = 23793.1877 kg
| |
| | |
| 81% Aluminium (2024-T3) = 148249.862 kg
| |
| | |
| Titanium Ti-6Al-4V = [http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MTP641 4430 kg/m3]
| |
| | |
| Steel = 7850 kg/m3
| |
| | |
| Aluminium 2024-T3 = [http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MA2024T3 2780 kg/m3]
| |
| | |
| Titanium = 1652591.61 cm3
| |
| | |
| Steel = 3030979.32 cm3
| |
| | |
| Aluminium = 53327288.5 cm3
| |
| | |
| | |
| Fragmentation=
| |
| | |
| Titanium = [http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MTP641 550 MPa = 550 J/cc]
| |
| | |
| Steel = [http://www.narutoforums.com/xfa-blog-entry/because-fluttershit-sucks-and-we-need-something.34025/ 208 J/cc]
| |
| | |
| Aluminium = [http://www.experimentalaircraft.info/articles/aircraft-aluminum.php 40000 PSI = 275.79 megapascales = 275.79 J/cc]
| |
| | |
| Total Fragmentation = 1.6246502e10 Joules, or 3.88300717 Tons = '''Large Building level'''
| |
| | |
| '''Note''': Shooting a plane down does not equal fragmentation. Fragmentation would apply if the plane is torn apart completely.
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Destroying a Table'''</u>===
| |
| '''Square table'''
| |
| | |
| [https://www.bassettfurniture.com/blog/standard-table-sizes.aspx They are between 36 to 44 inches in length]. The average of that is 40 inches, or 101.6 cm.
| |
| | |
| [https://www.tablelegs.com/resources-how-tos/a-guide-to-table-top-thickness/ Thickness of the table top ranges from 3/4 inches to 1 3/4 inches]. I'll take the average again, 1.25 inches or 3.175 cm.
| |
| | |
| 101.6*101.6*3.175 = 32 774.128 cm^3
| |
| | |
| This is a low-ball since it doesn't account for the table legs. Assuming the table is made out of wood:
| |
| | |
| Fragmentation: 32774.128*8.34 = 2.7333622752e5 Joules, '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| Violent fragmentation: 32774.128*18.34 = 6.0107750752e5 Joules, '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| Pulverization: 32774.128*46.935 = 1.53825369768e6 Joules, '''Wall level'''
| |
| | |
| '''Rectangular table'''
| |
| | |
| [https://www.bassettfurniture.com/blog/standard-table-sizes.aspx 36 to 40 inches wide, and 48 inches for a four-people table]. I'll take 38 inches as the width.
| |
| | |
| 48 inches is 121.92 cm. 38 inches is 96.25 cm. The thickness is 3.175 cm as said above.
| |
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| 121.92*96.25*3.175 = 37 257.99 cm^3
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| Fragmentation: 37257.99*8.34 = 3.107316366e5 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| Violent fragmentation: 37257.99*18.34 = 6.833115366e5 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| Pulverization: 37257.99*46.935 = 1.74870376065e6 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| '''Round table'''
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| According to [https://www.bassettfurniture.com/blog/standard-table-sizes.aspx the same website above], round tables are around the same size as square tables. So let's say a diametre of 101.6 cm.
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| pi*(101.6/2)^2*3.175 = 25 740.74 cm^3
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| Fragmentation: 25740.74*8.34 = 2.146777716e5 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| Violent fragmentation: 25740.74*18.34 = 4.720851716e5 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| Pulverization: 25740.74*46.935 = 1.2081416319e6 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| | |
| ===<u>'''Shattering a Windshield'''</u>===
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| '''Normal glass'''
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| [https://priuschat.com/threads/front-windshield-dimensions.41765/ Danny Hamilton measured the windshield's dimensions to be 46 inches for the top length, 35 inches for height and 56.5 inches for bottom length]. That's 116.84 cm, 88.9 cm and 143.51 cm.
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| Area of a trapezium is (a+b)/2*h
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| (116.84+143.51)/2*88.9 = 11 572.5575 cm^2
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| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminated_glass#Specifications
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| A typical laminated makeup is 2.5 mm glass, 0.38 mm interlayer, and 2.5 mm glass. This gives a final product that would be referred to as 5.38 laminated glass.
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| For the glass:
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| 11572.5575*0.5 = 5786.27875 cm^3
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| For the plastic layer:
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| 11572.5575*0.038 = 439.757185 cm^3
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| [http://web.archive.org/web/20170322181309/http://www.narutoforums.com/xfa-blog-entry/because-fluttershit-sucks-and-we-need-something.34025/ Fragmentation of glass is 0.75 j/cc].
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| According to [https://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-driving-safety/safety-regulatory-devices/auto-glass2.htm this] the plastic is PVB. [http://www.matweb.com/search/QuickText.aspx?SearchText=PVB%20thermoplastic It's tensile strength is 19.6 MPa]. Shear strength is 0.577 of tensile strength. 11.3092 MPa, or 11.3092 j/cc.
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| Fragmentation of the glass: 5786.27875*0.75 = 4339.7090625 Joules
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| Fragmentation of the plastic: 439.757185*11.3092 = 4973.301956602 Joules
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| In total that's 9313.011019102 Joules, '''Street level+'''
| |
| | |
| ===<u>'''Blowing up Cannons'''</u>===
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| This is about blowing up 16th century cannons.
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| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon#Early_modern_period According to Wikipedia, by the 16th century they could weigh about 9100 kg and were largely cast iron.]
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| [https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/metal-alloys-densities-d_50.html Density of cast iron is = 7.8 g/cm^3]
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| 9100000 g / 7.8 g/cm^3 = 1166666.667 cm^3 of iron
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| 20 j/cc for iron frag, so we get...
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| 23333333.34 Joules, 0.0055768005114723 tons of TNT, '''Small Building level'''
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| =='''Miscellaneous Feats'''==
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| ===<u>'''Digging up from the Underground'''</u>===
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| Sometimes characters (usually monsters) burst out from underground.
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| Assuming the character's height is the height, and that the character's shoulder width is the width:
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| Height: 175 cm.
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| Width: 61 cm, 30.5 for the radius.
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| So the volume is 5.11e5 cubic centimeters.
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| Fragmentation:
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| 5.11e5*8 = 4.088e6 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| Violent fragmentation:
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| 5.11e5*69 = 3.5259e7 Joules, or 0.008 Tons of TNT, '''Small Building level'''
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| If the ground is made out of steel:
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| Fragmentation:
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| 5.11e5*208 = 1.06288e8 Joules, or 0.025 Tons of TNT, '''Small Building level'''
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| Violent fragmentation:
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| 5.11e5*568.5 = 2.905035e8 Joules, or 0.069 Tons of TNT, '''Small Building level'''
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| *Please be noted that this is only for a quick bursting out, not slow digging.
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| ===<u>'''Throwing a Person to the Horizon'''</u>===
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| Another common gag in fiction is that a person is punched/thrown so hard they reach the horizon/they fly out of sight.
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| On a normal day the visibility is usually 20 km.
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| Since an angle of 45 degrees requires the least force, that will be used as a low-ball.
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| Range of trajectory formula for 45 degrees angle is R = V^2/g. So now we can extract initial velocity from it: V = sqrt(R*g).
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| V = sqrt(20000*9.81) = 442.95 m/s
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| KE = 70*442.95^2*0.5 = 6.8671645875e6 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| ===<u>'''Throwing a Person above the Clouds'''</u>===
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| Cloud height is usually 2000 m.
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| Formula is (close to earth): initial speed = sqrt(2*9.81*peak height). So in this case sqrt(2*9.81*2000) = 198 m/s
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| Using 70 kg for the human weight: 0.5*70* 198^2 = 1.37214e6 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| ===<u>'''Punching a Hole through Doors'''</u>===
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| The average surface area of a human fist is 25 cm^2. The average thickness of a door is 3.334 cm thick. 83.35 cm^3. Values taken from [http://web.archive.org/web/20170322181309/http://www.narutoforums.com/xfa-blog-entry/because-fluttershit-sucks-and-we-need-something.34025/ here]. For pulverization I'll use the average value.
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| '''Wood Door'''
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| Fragmentation: 83.35*8.34 = 695.139 Joules, '''Street level'''
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| Violent fragmentation: 83.35*18.34 = 1528.639 Joules, '''Street level'''
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| Pulverization: 83.35*46.935 = 3912.03225 Joules, '''Street level'''
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| '''Steel Door'''
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| Fragmentation: 83.35*208 = 1.73368e4 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| Violent fragmentation: 83.35*568.5 = 4.7384475e4 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| Pulverization: 83.35*655 = 5.459425e4 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| ===<u>'''Punching through a Wall'''</u>===
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| [https://www.hunker.com/13403190/how-thick-is-paneling Walls are 3/4 inch thick]. That's 1.905 cm.
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| The human fist is 25 cm^2.
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| 25 cm^2*1.905 = 47.625 cm^3
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| '''Wood Wall'''
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| Fragmentation: 47.625*8.34 = 397.1925 Joules, '''Street level'''
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| Violent fragmentation: 47.625*18.34 = 873.4425 Joules, '''Street level'''
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| Pulverization: 47.625*46.935 = 2235.279375 Joules, '''Street level'''
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| '''Steel Wall'''
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| Fragmentation: 47.625*208 = 9906 Joules, '''Street level+'''
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| Violent fragmentation: 47.625*568.5 = 2.70748125e4 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| Pulverization: 47.625*655 = 3.1194375e4 Joules, '''Wall level'''
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| | |
| ==Creating or destroying a pocket realm with star(s).==
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| ===[https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/User_blog:Kaltias/Creating_a_pocket_dimension_containing_a_star Creating a pocket dimension containing a star at Astronomical unit distance]===
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| *It yields: 8.1445131895776341678369398784*10^44 joules or 8.14 Foe ('''Large Star level''')
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| ===[https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/User_blog:Elizhaa/Creating_a_Pocket_Realm_with_an_average_star_with_the_distance_between_the_sun_and_the_closest_star Creating a pocket dimension containing a star in the sky]===
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| *It yields: 7.503e57 joules ('''Multi-Solar System level''')
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| **A multiplier format from the result based on the number of stars that were created or destroyed in the pocket realm may be used.
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| ===[https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/User_blog:Kepekley23/Energy_required_to_destroy_a_dimension_with_a_starry_sky Destroying a pocket dimension containing a starry sky]===
| |
| *It yields: 1.4093732*10^61 joules, or 140.9373 PetaFoe ('''Multi-Solar System level''')
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| | |
| Credits to [https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/References_for_Common_Feats VsBattles] for all the above feats.
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| | |
| ==Flattening a Human/Humanoid==
| |
| The body is [https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skin/skin.shtml 16% skin,] [https://www.livestrong.com/article/368497-percentage-of-body-mass-bone/ 15% bone,] [https://www.active.com/fitness/calculators/bodyfat 15.5% fat] (this is the average between athletic men/women) and roughly [https://www.esquireme.com/content/17772-the-benefits-of-having-a-higher-muscle-mass 45% muscle.] That last source actually says 40%, but [https://image.slidesharecdn.com/softmuscletissue-150509182726-lva1-app6892/95/compressive-behavior-of-soft-muscle-tissues-3-638.jpg?cb=1431196465 this source] says 40-50% and uses 50% in its pie chart, which shows everything else I've said to be pretty accurate. As such I'll say 45% as a middle ground.
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| | |
| This only adds up to 86.5% of the body. Another [https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-much-blood-is-in-your-body 7% (generally speaking)] is blood, and I'm sure the other 4 is miscellaneous and impossible to calculate.
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| | |
| Now we'll add the compressive strength of all of those factors. Bone is the easiest answer with a compressive strength of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone 170 MPA.] Skin isn't really something you can crush because it's more of an elastic sort of thing, but there is something called the "mean elastic modulus."
| |
| | |
| A mean elastic modulus (mean of course meaning average) is [https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/429/elastic-modulus the measure of rigidity or stiffness of a material.] This is as close as we're going to get to actual compressive strength so this seems fine to use. The mean elastic modulus for skin is a surprising [http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc12/pdf_files/59.pdf 97 MPA.]
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| | |
| This source gives muscle a low compressive strength of [https://www.slideshare.net/VivekKumar578/soft-muscle-tissue 1.0467 MPA.] Unfortunate for that to be so, but at least this is moving along briskly.
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| | |
| Finally for fat. This has technically already been answered because body fat is just more skin, and so it also has a mean elastic modulus of 97 MPA as sourced above. So now for the j/cc required to pulverize an entire human body flat.
| |
| | |
| 97 + 97 + 1.0467 + 170 = 365.0467 j/cc. That's for the entire body. '''This result can only be used if the outer body, inner body and bones have all been flattened.'''
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| | |
| If only the outer and inner body have been flattened, that's 195.0467 j/cc.
| |
| | |
| ===Flattening the average human===
| |
| | |
| Average shoulder width is [https://www.healthline.com/health/average-shoulder-width 40.64 cm,] average head width (front to back) is [https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-average-width-of-a-human-head 18 cm] and the average height is of course [https://ourworldindata.org/human-height 176.5 cm] as you'll notice if you look over my calcs.
| |
| | |
| Anyhow, the volume of the average human thus is 129113.28 cubic cm.
| |
| | |
| If only the outer and inner body are flattened, this is 2.5183119e7 J. '''9-A, Small Building level.'''
| |
| | |
| If the entire body (outer and inner body + bones) has been flattened, this is 4.7132376e7 J. '''9-A, Small Building level.'''
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| [[Category:Important]] | | [[Category:Important]] |
| [[Category:Calculations]] | | [[Category:Calculations]] |
