Sun

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a colossal sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions occurring in its core. The energy radiated from its surface is primarily visible light and infrared radiation, with about ten percent in the form of ultraviolet energy. It serves as the primary source of energy for life on Earth. Since ancient times, the Sun has been an object of worship in numerous cultures and a central focus of astronomical study.

Sun
General Information
Other Names	Sol (Latin word for "Sun"), Helios (The Sun God in ancient Greek mythology)
Origin	The Real World
Appearance	Within the center of the solar system
Location	Located in the Milky Way galaxy in a spiral arm called the Orion Spur that extends outward from the Sagittarius arm
Life Potential	Impossible (The Sun cannot harbor life in its current state due to its extreme temperatures and radiation)
Moons	None
Classification	G-type main-sequence star (G2), Celestial Bodies
State of Being	Regular
Size	Medium-Sized Star (Radius of about 435,000 miles; takes about more than 330,000 Earths to match the mass of the Sun and 1.3 million Earths to fill its volume)
Events Caused	Solar Flare
Distance from Earth	93 million miles
Status	Active (The sun will last another 5 billion years before it becomes a white dwarf)
Alignment	N/A

Background

This dropdown contains the further information regarding the sun.

The Sun travels around the Galactic Center at a distance of roughly 24,000 to 28,000 light-years. Its average distance from Earth is about 1.496×10⁸ kilometers, or roughly eight light-minutes. This distance was originally used to define a unit of length known as the astronomical unit (au), which is now fixed at 149.5978707×10⁶ kilometers. The Sun is the largest and most massive object in the Solar System, with a diameter of about 1,391,400 kilometers (864,600 miles), roughly 109 times that of Earth. Its mass is approximately 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the Solar System's total mass. The Sun's surface layer, the photosphere, is composed mostly of hydrogen (about 73%) and helium (about 25%), with much smaller amounts of heavier elements such as oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron. The Sun formed roughly 4.6 billion years ago through the gravitational collapse of matter within a region of a large molecular cloud. Most of this material collected at the center, while the remainder flattened into an orbiting disk that became the Solar System. The central mass grew so hot and dense that it eventually triggered nuclear fusion in its core. The Sun is now classified as a G-type main-sequence star (G2V). Each second, its core fuses about 600 billion kilograms of hydrogen into helium and converts four billion kilograms of matter into energy. In roughly four to seven billion years, hydrogen fusion in the Sun's core will diminish to the point where the Sun is no longer in hydrostatic equilibrium. Its core will then undergo a sharp increase in density and temperature, causing its outer layers to expand and eventually transforming the Sun into a red giant. After this phase, models suggest the Sun will shed its outer layers and become a dense cooling star known as a white dwarf. It will no longer generate energy through fusion but will still glow and emit heat from its earlier fusion for perhaps trillions of years. It is theorized to eventually become an extremely dense black dwarf, emitting negligible energy.

Name Meaning

The English word "sun" descends from the Old English sunne. Related forms appear in other Germanic languages, such as West Frisian sinne, Dutch zon, Low German Sünn, Standard German Sonne, Bavarian Sunna, Old Norse sunna, and Gothic sunnō. All of these derive from the Proto-Germanic *sunnōn. This term is ultimately connected to the word for sun in other branches of the Indo-European family, although most of those languages use a nominative stem containing an l rather than the n-stem found in the genitive. Examples include Latin sōl, ancient Greek ἥλιος (hēlios), Welsh haul, and Czech slunce, as well as Sanskrit स्वर् (svár) and Persian خور (xvar), where *l shifted to r. The l-stem also survived in Proto-Germanic as *sōwelan, which produced Gothic sauil alongside sunnō and Old Norse prosaic sól alongside poetic sunna. From there came the modern Scandinavian words for sun, such as Swedish and Danish sol and Icelandic sól.

The main English adjectives for the Sun are "sunny" for sunlight and, in technical contexts, "solar," derived from the Latin sol. From the Greek helios comes the rare adjective "heliac." In English poetry, the Greek and Latin words appear as personifications of the Sun: Helios and Sol. In science fiction, "Sol" may be used to distinguish the Sun from other stars. Planetary astronomers use the lowercase term "sol" to refer to the length of a solar day on another planet, such as Mars.

The astronomical symbol for the Sun is a circle with a central dot: ☉. It is used in units such as M☉ (solar mass), R☉ (solar radius), and L☉ (solar luminosity). The scientific study of the Sun is called heliology.

Appearance

General Description: The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star (G2) that makes up about 99.86% of the mass of the Solar System. It is a Population I, or heavy-element-rich, star. It has an absolute magnitude of +4.83, making it brighter than about 85% of the stars in the Milky Way.

Shape: The Sun does not have a definite boundary, but its density decreases exponentially with increasing height above the photosphere. Its radius is measured from its center to the edge of the photosphere (the apparent visible surface). It is the natural object closest to a perfect sphere ever observed, with an oblateness of 8.2×10−6 (or 8 parts per million).

Structure: The Sun is composed of several distinct layers:

• Core: Extends from the center to about 20–25% of the solar radius. It has a density of up to 150 g/cm³ and a temperature close to 15.7 million kelvins (K).
• Radiative Zone: Starts above the core at about 0.25 solar radii and extends to about 0.7 solar radii. It is the thickest layer, where thermal radiation is the primary means of energy transfer. The temperature drops from approximately 7 million to 2 million K.
• Tachocline: A transition layer separating the radiative and convective zones, characterized by a sharp regime change in rotation.
• Convective Zone: Extends from 0.7 solar radii to near the surface. Here, convective currents move the Sun's energy outward. The temperature drops to 5,700 K and density to 0.2 g/m³ at the photosphere.
• Atmosphere: Divided into three primary layers:
  • Photosphere: The visible surface, tens to hundreds of kilometers thick. It is structured by convection cells called granules. It has a particle density of ~10²³ m⁻³ and a temperature of about 5,777 K.
  • Chromosphere: A layer about 2,000 km thick above the temperature minimum layer. It is visible as a colored flash during total solar eclipses. The temperature increases with altitude up to around 20,000 K.
  • Corona: The outermost layer, extending outward. The average temperature is about 1,000,000–2,000,000 K, reaching up to 20,000,000 K in the hottest regions. The solar wind travels outward through this layer.
  • Heliosphere: The region of space where the solar wind dominates over the interstellar medium, forming the solar magnetic field into a spiral shape.

Composition: The photosphere consists mainly of hydrogen (74.9%) and helium (23.8%). All heavier elements (metals) account for less than 2% of the mass, with oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron being the most abundant.

Rotation: The Sun rotates faster at its equator than at its poles. The rotational period is approximately 25.6 days at the equator and 33.5 days at the poles. Viewed from above its north pole, the Sun rotates counterclockwise around its axis of spin.

General Information

Name: Sun

Other Names: Sol (Latin word for "Sun"), Helios (The Sun God in ancient Greeky mythology)

Origin: The Real World

Appearance: Within the center of the solar system

Location: Located in the Milky Way galaxy in a spiral arm called the Orion Spur that extends outward from the Sagittarius arm

Life Potential: Impossible (The Sun cannot harbor life in its current state due to its extreme temperatures and radiation)

Moons: None

Classification: G-type main-sequence star (G2), Celestial Bodies

State of Being: Regular

Size: Medium-Sized Star (The Sun has a radius of about 435,000 miles, taking about more than 330,000 Earths to match the mass of the Sun and 1.3 million Earths to fill its volume)

Events Caused: Solar Flare

Distance from Earth: 93 million miles

Status: Active (The sun will last another 5 billion years before it becomes a white dwarf)

Alignment: N/A

Codex Statistics

Tiering System: With Solar Flare: 6-C for a typical flare to 6-B for a large flare. High 6-A with Energy Emitted & Luminosity, 4-C with Gravitational Binding Energy

Cardinality: Finite

Dimensionality: 3-D

Power Source: Helium

Attack Potency: With Solar Flare: Archipelago level (Potency) for a typical flare (The energy released during a flare is typically on the order of 10^27 ergs (1e20 joules)) to Country level (Potency) for a large flare (Large Flares emit up to 10^32 ergs (1e25 Joules) of energy. Solar Flares are noted to be the most powerful explosions in the solar system, the biggest ones having as much energy as a billion hydrogen bombs). Multi-Continent level (Potency) with Energy Emitted & Luminosity (The sun produces about 3.8e26 joules per second or a solar luminosity of 3.828×1026 Watts), Star level (Potency) with Gravitational Binding Energy (The gravitational binding energy of the sun is 2.3 x 10^41 Joules)

Durability: Star level (To truly break apart the gravitational energy holding the sun together would need to surpass 2.3 x 10^41 Joules)

Attack Speed: Massively Hypersonic with Solar Winds (Solar Winds reaches speeds of over one million miles per hour). Speed of Light with Radiant Heat (Radiant heat moves at the speed of light) & with Solar Flare (The light from a solar flare travels at the speed of light, reaching Earth in about eight minutes), Lower with the particles emitted in a solar flare (The particles emitted in a solar flare can take anywhere from a few minutes to several days to arrive depending on their speed)

Rotational Speed: Hypersonic (The Sun rotates on its axis once in about 27 days, which moves at these speeds)

Range: Varies up to Interplanetary with Solar Flare (Solar Flares which happen to be fired off in just the right direction, can probably reach distances of 350 AU (5.236e+10 kilometers) or more), Interplanetary with Gravitational Pull (The Sun orbits the center of the Milky Way, bringing with it the planets, asteroids, comets, and other objects in the solar system) & Magnetism Manipulation (The Sun generates magnetic fields that extend out into space to form the interplanetary magnetic field, this field pervades the solar system, being carried by a solar wind)

Intelligence: N/A

Knowledge: N/A

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Powers and Techniques

Due to Sheer Mass and SizeWith Heat & EnergyWith Solar FlaresWith Solar Winds

• Gravitational Pull (The Sun orbits the center of the Milky Way, brining with it the planets, asteroids, comets, and other objects in the solar system. The Sun is a huge ball of hydrogen and helium held together by its own gravity)
• Magnetism Manipulation (The Sun generates magnetic fields that extend out into space to form the interplanetary magnetic field, this field pervades the solar system, being carried by a solar wind)
• Weather Manipulation (The Sun's solar activity can release huge amounts of energy and particles which influence conditions in space known as "space weather" which always change with the sun's activity; which can interfere with satellites, GPS, radio communications, cripple power grids, and corrode pipelines carrying oil and gas)

• Temperature Manipulation (The Sun cannot harbor current life on the planet due to its extreme temperature. The hottest part of the sun is the core, where the hydrogen is fused to form helium, which powers the Sun's heat and light, reaching temperatures of over 15 million degrees celsius)
  • Fusionism
• Light Manipulation (The Sun's "light sphere" aka the photoshpere is where its visible light is emitted)
• Radiation Manipulation (The Sun's radiation makes it impossible for current life to live on it. It has a notable radiative zone, this zone has the radiation bouncing around, taking about 170,000 years to get from the core to the top of the convection zone)

• Temperature Manipulation (As the magnetic energy is being released, particles, including electrons, protons, and heavy nuclei are heated and accelerated in the solar atmosphere. Inside a flare, the temperature typically reaches 10 or 20 million degrees Kelvin and can be as high as 100 million degrees Kelvin)
  • Energy Manipulation (Releases a great amount of energy during this event, reaching in order of 10^27 ergs per second)
• Radiation Manipulation (Radiation is emitted across virtually the entire electromagnetic spectrum)
  • Electricity Manipulation (A solar flare occurs when magnetic energy thathas built up in the solar atmosphere is suddenly released)
    • Magnetism Manipulation

• Vibration Manipulation (Solar Winds speeds are so great that "bow shocks" from whenever it is forced to flow around the planets in the solar system)
• Magnetism Manipulation (Solar winds forms a huge magnetic "bubble" around the Sun which is known as the heliosphere)

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Behavior

The Sun's behavior is not consistent, it varies depending on the solar cycle giving it either a low or high activity.

Solar Maximum

This is the height of the Sun's activity cycle, where there is greatly increased solar storm activity, including sunspots, eruptions known as solar flares, and coronal mass ejections.

Solar Minimum

The lowest of the Sun's activity cycle, there are less changes of various effects and storm activities during these.

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Other

Standard Tactics: The Sun's behavior depends entirely on if it's in low activity or high activity mode.

Weaknesses: The Sun relies on fusing hydorgen into helium in its core to sustain its lifespan.

Misconceptions

The Sun Can Supernova/become a Black Hole

Due to fictional media, such as Final Fantasy VII's Supernova used by Sephiroth, many believe the Sun can supernova. However, it is too small to supernova, most fictional media having it is due to a character adding more energy, mass, and heat to it making it capable of doing so.

On top of this too, for the same reason, it cannot become a black hole.