Black Hole

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Background

Black Holes are a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.

Because no light can get out, people can't see black holes. They are invisible. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently than other stars.

Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or "stuff," in an object.

Another kind of black hole is called "stellar." Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many, many stellar mass black holes in Earth's galaxy. Earth's galaxy is called the Milky Way.

The largest black holes are called "supermassive." These black holes have masses that are more than 1 million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy is called Sagittarius A. It has a mass equal to about 4 million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.

Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began.

Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or collapses. When this happens, it causes a supernova. A supernova is an exploding star that blasts part of the star into space.

Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.

A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting, a black hole.

When a black hole and a star are close together, high-energy light is made. This kind of light can not be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light.

General Information

Name: Black Hole

Origin: Real World

Appearance:

• Normally through the death of a massive star
• Sound of a black hole.

Classification: Result of Stellar Death (For stellar black holes)

Result: Unknown (It has been impossible with current methods to be able to look within a black hole)

Codex Statistics

Tiering System: Varies, 5-B with standard luminosity, Low 4-C with TON 618's luminosity. 4-B through Black Hole Collision Event

Attack Potency: Varies (Black Holes can theoretically be born from things far lesser then Stellar Explosions, with their being even "tiny" black holes potentially existing), Planet level (Standard Black Holes have at least a solar luminosity of 750,000, which should put it at these levels), Small Star level with TON 618's luminosity (TON 618 carries a luminosity of 4 * 10^40 Watts (4e40 J/s)). Solar System level through Black Hole Collission Event (Events such as these release over 32 septillion yottawatts of energy or 3.2 x 10^49 joules)

Durability: Varies, Solar System level for the lightest known Black Hole (The lightest known black hole is 3.8 times the Sun's mass, giving it this gravitational binding energy), Multi-Solar System level with Ton 618 (The most massive black hole has 66 billion times the Sun’s mass, giving it this gravitational binding energy)

Attack Speed: Varies, Massively Hypersonic+ with Supermasive Black Holes (Supermassive black holes spiral at seven percent the speed of light), Relativsitic+ with Launching Particles (Black Holes at the centers of galaxies can launch particles to near light speed)

Range: Varies, Stellar with Stellar Black Holes, Universal through Black Hole Collission Event (Two black holes colliding creates a literal ripple in space-time that travels across the universe)

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Powers and Techniques

Space-Time Manipulation (According to Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, any massive object distorts the space-time around it, including our Sun, Earth, or even us. A black hole is an extreme case in the sense that at its singularity the curvature of space-time becomes infinite, preventing even light from escaping. The boundary beyond which light cannot escape the black hole’s gravity well is known as the event horizon, while its radius is called the Schwarzschild radius. Once particles and light rays go past the event horizon their light cones “tip over” and point to the singularity, which now represents all future-directed paths with no escape possible. Two black holes colliding creates a literal ripple in space-time that travels across the universe), Information Manipulation (In the 1970s, scientists’ calculations suggested that this light contained almost no information. Black holes seemed to be destroyers not just of the objects that sank into them but also of any information about what those objects had been in the first place), Absorption (Black holes absorb matter–such as stars and gas–and radiation, including light and gravitational waves), Gravity Manipulation (A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space), Physics Manipulation (Black Holes are noted as a place where physics break down with a current unsolvable paradox coming from black holes that is considered impossible under quantum physics), Matter Manipulation: (Black holes absorb matter–such as stars and gas–and radiation, including light and gravitational waves), Durability Negation (Black Holes methods of breaking down objects is absorbing their matter and information and breaking them down), Erasure (Information Erasure; Through the process of breaking down objects black holes have essentially erased one's information which by extension would be its existence)

Notes

Black Hole Feats in Fiction

Proving the Legitimacy of Black Holes

Often in fiction, characters will come across something they claim to be a black hole or see someone that creates or manipulates black holes. While it may resemble one, not all verses properly treat black holes as they should. To ensure that something is a legitimate black hole, it should meet some of the following requirements to determine such:

• The statement comes from a reliable source.
• It should have a referenced singularity in its center.
• Light should be bent outside of just the event horizon.
• Its gravitational pull should be proportionally realistic to the black hole.
• Aspects such as spaghettification should be referenced when describing the crossovers.
• It would help to come from a source such as a dying star, something a black hole originates from.

Regarding Durability From Black Hole Feats

Black holes are generally treated as Durability Negation rather than giving outright durability to anyone. The reason is because of how spaghettification works. As you get closer to a black hole, the gravity intensifies and begins to disproportionately affect your body. The stronger tidal waves begin to distort your body the closer that you get to a singularity. For a further explanation, please read the quote below.

"For the astronaut, there is no turning back. Once inside the event horizon, the astronaut, along with any signals from his radio transmitter, will remain hidden forever from the universe outside. He will, however, not have a long time (from his perspective) to feel sorry for himself as he approaches the black hole. Suppose he is falling feet first. The force of gravity that the singularity exerts on his feet is greater than on his head, so he will be stretched slightly. Because the singularity is a point, the left side of his body will be pulled slightly toward the right, and the right slightly toward the left, bringing each side closer to the singularity. The astronaut will therefore be slightly squeezed in one direction and stretched in the other. Some scientists like to call this process of stretching and narrowing spaghettification. The point at which the astronaut becomes so stretched that he perishes depends on the size of the black hole. For black holes with masses billions of times the mass of the Sun, such as those found at the centers of galaxies, the spaghettification becomes significant only after the astronaut passes through the event horizon. For black holes with masses of a few solar masses, the astronaut will be stretched and ripped apart even before he reaches the event horizon." - OpenStax

Escaping A Black Hole

The normal idea behind black holes is that one needs to be faster than light to escape them as even light itself can't escape them, though contextually there is a reason behind why light can't escape that comes from here:

“	Question: Is the reason light cannot escape a black hole more due to the relative stop in time within the EH rather than the gravity slowing down the speed of light? The light could still be traveling at c but since v is a function of t, the relative t elapsed to an observer is always zero. Answer: Within the event horizon of a black hole space is curved to the point where all paths that light might take to exit the event horizon point back inside the event horizon. This is the reason why light cannot escape a black hole. Another way to look at it is that the escape velocity from the event horizon of a black hole is faster than the speed of light. Since nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, nothing escapes the event horizon of a black hole.	„
	~ Why Can’t Light Escape a Black Hole? -- Cardin, May 24, 2021

The idea of requiring faster-than-light speed is more that one needs a way to escape said curved space, which normally is impossible in real life without moving at Faster Than Light speeds, though in fiction where some characters resist Space-Time Manipulation innately and can move in warped/distorted space-time areas, they would be able to escape a black hole even with curved space. Thus Faster Than Light for black holes would only work if the verse directly notes one is moving faster than light to escape it. Another thing is a black hole's gravitational pull is this strong, and a gravitation pull is not necessarily speed.

However, this would require one to have the Lifting Strength to overcome its gravitational force to escape if one is not resisting it.

Unquantifiable Aspects of Black Holes

There appears to be confusion on what parts of a black hole can be used for statistics and indexing. In order to clear up confusion, the following aren't feats that should be used for anything notable:

• Surviving a Black Hole: The section above already covers this, but this is re-emphasizing for the matter of importance on a topic.
• Anything regarding faster than light Black Holes: If a black hole were to be faster than light, that would break the current understanding and logic of how black holes are supposed to even work. We can conclude that such wouldn't be a proper black hole, so it wouldn't be viable for any feats, even the aforementioned methods of calculating Attack Potency, Speed, and Lifting Strength.
• Surviving the collapse of a black hole from Hawking Radiation: Things in a black hole's grasp are hit by the negative energy of other objects rather than the actual energy when they are in the event horizon. While the character could withstand negative energy for a resistance feat, it would be unquantifiable to use for a durability feat period.