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Patchouli Knowledge (パチュリー・ノーレッジ Pachurii Nōrejji) is a youkai magician and witch who resides in the library of the Scarlet Devil Mansion. She is close friends with the mansion's mistress, Remilia Scarlet, and serves as her librarian. Patchouli first appeared as the Stage 4 boss in Embodiment of Scarlet Devil and has been a playable character in several fighting games starting with Immaterial and Missing Power. She can also appear as a supporting character for Marisa Kirisame in Subterranean Animism.
| Patchouli Knowledge | |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Origin | |
| Origin | Touhou |
| Creator | ZUN |
| First Appearance | Touhou 06: Embodiment of the Scarlet Devil |
| Voiced by | Fanmade Series: Yuka Inokuchi, Risae Matsuda, Noriko Rikimaru, Mikako Takahashi, Mai Fuchigami, Hitomi Ueda, Nao Shiraki, Arisa Kiyoto, Madoka Asahina, Kaoru Sakura, Kaori Maeda, Manami Numakura, Reina Ueda, Sachika Misawa, Yū Kobayashi, Haruko Momoi, Yuko Miyamura, Yukari Amane, Aoi Inase, Akira Sekine |
| Characteristics | |
| Species | Magician Youkai |
| Gender | Female |
| Pronouns | She/Her |
| Sexuality | Unknown |
| Age | Over a hundred years |
| Birthday | Unknown |
| Height | Fairly Short |
| Weight | Unknown |
| Ethnicity | Unknown |
| Status | Alive |
| Alignment | True Neutral |
| Archetype | Magician |
| Occupation | Incident Resolver of the Scarlet Devil Mansion |
| Time Period | Non-linear |
| Language | Japanese |
| Combat Style | Magic Fighting |
| Homeworld | Gensokyo |
| Relationships | |
| Affiliations | Sakuya Izayoi, Koakuma, Reimu Hakurei, Marisa Kirisame, Remilia Scarlet, Flandre Scarlet, Hong Meiling |
| Enemies | Reimu Hakurei (Formerly), Marisa Kirisame (Formerly), Iku Nagae, Tenshi Hinanawi, Suika Ibuki |
Her full name is Patchouli Knowledge (パチュリー・ノーレッジ). Her first name comes from patchouli, a plant in the Lamiaceae family, as well as the essential oil or perfume derived from it. Her surname, Knowledge, reflects her learned and scholarly nature, though few other characters have such literal surnames. The middle dot in her name follows the convention for foreign names, marking where one part ends and the next begins. In the data files for Hopeless Masquerade, her first name was romanized as "Pachouly".
Remilia Scarlet uses the nickname "Pache" (パチェ) for her in canon, though "Patchy" is more commonly used among English-speaking fans.
General Description: Patchouli is a figure with purple hair and purple eyes. She wears pink pajama-like clothing and a night-cap with a gold crescent moon on it, which ZUN states is her daily wear.
Facial Features: She has purple hair and purple eyes. Multiple ribbons are tied to her hair and other parts of her clothing.
Clothing/Outfit:
Special Features: The presence of stripes on her dress is a point of disagreement between ZUN and other artists. ZUN's design draft did not have stripes, but they appeared in the final design. A comment from Alphes notes: "Everybody thinks Patchouli has stripes except ZUN-san."
Alternate Forms/Disguises: Her alternative outfit in Immaterial and Missing Power and Scarlet Weather Rhapsody is a color variation rather than a distinct alternate form.
Patchouli is an old friend of Remilia. In Perfect Cherry Blossom, they address each other informally as "Remi" (レミィ) and "Pache" (パチェ) respectively. The two have been depicted sharing tea and casual conversation together in Silent Sinner in Blue and Oriental Sacred Place, where Patchouli offhandedly comments that they are both creatures of the night.
As stated in Perfect Memento in Strict Sense, Patchouli's role at the Scarlet Devil Mansion is to both solve problems and cause them. She often volunteers her services when she sees Remilia in need.
Patchouli is unlikely to be formally employed by Remilia. Sakuya Izayoi refers to Patchouli as "the Mistress's magician friend" while speaking to Rinnosuke Morichika, rather than using any employee title. Other official materials similarly refer to her as Remilia's friend rather than a subordinate. Though she will help Remilia whenever Remilia needs it.
As a library assistant in the mansion, this means she helps tend to it while Patchouli reads the books there.
Sakuya serves Patchouli due to the magician rarely leaving her library. While Patchouli's rank within the mansion is noticeably higher than Sakuya'. Sakuya attends to her both out of duty and personal care. In Silent Sinner in Blue, she takes a private moment to watch and smile at Patchouli, who remains blissfully unaware while researching a magical breakthrough.
Marisa is a thief who repeatedly steals books from the Scarlet Devil Mansion's library. Although Marisa claims she is only borrowing them, Patchouli responds in Oriental Sacred Place in a rather serious tone that she has no intention of lending Marisa any books. Though this is likely due to the fact that books have been showcase to potentially turn one into youkai.
Despite this animosity, Patchouli is one of three people who assist Marisa during the events of Subterranean Animism, suggesting some underlying affinity even if Patchouli has her own agenda for doing so.
Additionally, Marisa has copied Patchouli's regular danmaku attack and renamed it Love Sign "Non-directional Laser". This attack appears as Marisa's normal B-type bomb in Perfect Cherry Blossom and as a spell card in Imperishable Night and other games.
Name: Patchouli Knowledge[1]
Titles:
Origin: Touhou
Overall Series: Touhou Project
First Appearance: Touhou 06: Embodiment of the Scarlet Devil
Latest Appearance: Fossilized Wonders (Appears in Ending no. 9)
Company: Team Shanghai Alice
Creator: ZUN
Actor: The following voice acted roles are all from fan-made series not apart of any canonical Touhou works.
Gender: Female
Sexuality: Unknown
Pronouns: She/Her
Handedness: Left-Handed (Mainly uses normal attacks with her left hand[4])
Age: Scarlet Over a hundred years[5]
Birthday: Unknown
Time Period: The world of Gensokyo itself is in a non-linear time period
Timeline: Main Timeline
Homeworld: Gensokyo
Residence: Scarlet Devil Mansion[5]
Story Role
Legacy: Local Legacy (Known as the brains of the Scarlet Devil Mansion)
Influence: Event Influence (Patchouli's role is to resolve problems within the Scarlet Devil Mansion[5])
Language: Japanese
Ethnicity: Unknown
Religion: N/A (Youkais lack faith, not caring about religious related values[6])
Classification: Scarlet Devil Mansion Magician
Species: Magician Youkai
State of Being: Regular
Physiology: Humanoid Physiology (Magician Youkais bodies are nearly the same as humans' so they are frail in comparison to other youkai[7])
In-Universe Creator: Unknown
Occupation: Incident Resolver of the Scarlet Devil Mansion
Combat Style: Magic Fighting
Affiliations: Sakuya Izayoi, Koakuma, Reimu Hakurei, Marisa Kirisame, Remilia Scarlet, Flandre Scarlet, Hong Meiling
Enemies: Reimu Hakurei (Formerly), Marisa Kirisame (Formerly), Iku Nagae, Tenshi Hinanawi, Suika Ibuki
Height: Fairly Short (It's noted by ZUN that he does not have an official height listed for characters, though generally speaking they are about as tall as height of a human in her late teens or older)[8]
Weight: Unknown
Status: Alive
Threat Level: Street Threat
Archetype: Magician
Grade: A
Tier: Low 10-B physically, Far Higher with Spiritual Power, Even Higher with Preparation
Cardinality: Finite
Dimensionality: 3-D
Power Source: Magic (Magician Youkais are youkai possessed by magic, such that one's body itself is powered by magic[7])
Attack Potency: Below Average Human level (Magicians use arsenic and mercury a lot when they use magic, which eats away at their body, which is why there are so many magicians with weak bodies[13]. Patchouli's physical abilities are poorer than that of a human's[11]), Far Higher with Spiritual Power (Noted how even Yumemi Okazaki's scientific magic truly pales in comparison with the real thing[14], which Yumemi noted to not make light of the power of her science as she could blow up the planet at any moment[15]), Even Higher with Preparation (A properly prepared magician is noted to be able to take on any kind of youkai[16]). Can ignore covnentional durability with Magic (Magic exists outside of the Grand Unified Theory[17], a theory with any model that merges electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces into a single force at high energies, unifying gravity with the electronuclear interaction, providing a more comprehensive theory of everything. Yumemi explains that on her world, all power can be explained by the Grand Unified Theory, however she posits an existence of a power not covered by the Theory: the power of magic[18]. Yumemi also explains that in the world of Gensokyo, magic unifies everything[19]. Magic is noted by Yumemi to have close ties with religion[20]. The second layer of reality is spirit and magic, while the first layer is where all things within the laws of physics presides, putting attacks with magic outside of the conventional laws of physics[21])
Durability: Below Average Human level (Magicains bodies are only about as strong as that of an ordinary human, so running away from them is simple[16]. Magician Youkais bodies are nearly the same as humans' so they are frail in comparison to other youkai[7]), Far Higher with Spiritual Power (Her spiritual power defends her from the attacks of other youkai despite her physical strength[22]), Even Higher with Preparation. Her Youkai Physiology makes her very difficult to kill (It's noted that one cannot defeat spirits or devilish powers without a weapon with an unnatural amount of spiritual power such as the Yin-Yang Orb[23]. Physical attacks such as a whacking a sake bottle over the head are considered violent methods that wouldn't work on youkai[24], with it only being spiritual attacks that cause fatal wounds to youkai[9]. When attempting to exterminate a youkai, one does not use weapons that cause physical damage, instead weapons with an "origin" are more preferable[25]. In the world beyond (Gensokyo), physical form has no meaning for all non-human entities[26])
Striking Strength: Below Average Human Class
Lifting Strength: Below Average Human Class
Travel Speed: Regular Human on foot, Superhuman (Can keep up with other characters flight speeds, where they can reach across long distances due to being able to fly[27])
Attack Speed: Superhuman. Magic Attacks lack a defined speed (Magic exists outside of the Grand Unified Theory[28], a theory with any model that merges electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces into a single force at high energies, unifying gravity with the electronuclear interaction, providing a more comprehensive theory of everything. Yumemi explains that on her world, all power can be explained by the Grand Unified Theory, however she posits an existence of a power not covered by the Theory: the power of magic[29]. Yumemi also explains that in the world of Gensokyo, magic unifies everything[30]. Magic is noted by Yumemi to have close ties with religion[31])
Stamina: Superhuman (Constantly fought against[32] multiple different opponents[33] over the course of[34]three days[35] without showing[36] any signs of[37] truly tiring[38])
Range: Standard Melee. At least Tens of Meters with Abilities (Can create attacks that cover the entire screen in range[39])
Intelligence: Genius Intelligence (Magician Youkais are noted to be generally intelligent, studious people[7]. Patchouli is noted to be the brains of the Scarlet Devil Mansion[5])
Knowledge: At least Grandmaster level (Noted that Patchouli has spent most of the hundred years reading books making her proficient in various types of magic[5])
While Youkai are noted to be physically stronger than humans[25], Magician Youkais bodies are nearly the same as humans' so they are frail in comparison to other youkai[7], thus they only carry some of the standard Youkai abilities which are:
Increases shot power by 1[279].
The higher on the screen it is collected, the more the score will increase.
Increases shot power by 10.
Increases the Dream Gauge.
Grants 1 additional bomb.
Grants 1 additional bomb[280].
Grants 1 additional life.
Grants maximum power.
| Name | Translated | Comments | Works | Stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 火符「アグニシャイン」 | Fire Sign "Agni Shine" | EoSD GoM |
St. 4: E/N — | |
| 水符「プリンセスウンディネ」 | Water Sign "Princess Undine" | EoSD Soku GoM |
St. 4: E/N Story — | |
| 木符「シルフィホルン」 | Wood Sign "Sylphy Horn" | EoSD GoM |
St. 4: E/N — | |
| 土符「レイジィトリリトン」 | Earth Sign "Lazy Trilithon" | EoSD GoM |
St. 4: E/N — | |
| 金符「メタルファティーグ」 | Metal Sign "Metal Fatigue" | EoSD GoM |
St. 4: N — | |
| 火符「アグニシャイン上級」 | Fire Sign "Agni Shine High Level" | EoSD | St. 4: N/H/L | |
| 木符「シルフィホルン上級」 | Wood Sign "Sylphy Horn High Level" | EoSD | St. 4: N/H/L | |
| 土符「レイジィトリリトン上級」 | Earth Sign "Lazy Trilithon High Level" | EoSD | St. 4: N/H/L | |
| 火符「アグニレイディアンス」 | Fire Sign "Agni Radiance" | EoSD | St. 4: H/L | |
| 水符「ベリーインレイク」 | Water Sign "Bury In Lake" | EoSD | St. 4: H/L | |
| 木符「グリーンストーム」 | Wood Sign "Green Storm" | EoSD | St. 4: H/L | |
| 土符「トリリトンシェイク」 | Earth Sign "Trilithon Shake" | EoSD | St. 4: H/L | |
| 金符「シルバードラゴン」 | Metal Sign "Silver Dragon" | EoSD | St. 4: H/L | |
| 火&土符「ラーヴァクロムレク」 | Fire & Earth Sign "Lava Cromlech" | EoSD GoM |
St. 4: E/N/H/L — | |
| 木&火符「フォレストブレイズ」 | Wood & Fire Sign "Forest Blaze" | EoSD GoM |
St. 4: E/N/H/L — | |
| 水&木符「ウォーターエルフ」 | Water & Wood Sign "Water Elf" | EoSD GoM |
St. 4: E/N/H/L — | |
| 金&水符「マーキュリポイズン」 | Metal & Water Sign "Mercury Poison" | EoSD | St. 4: N/H/L | |
| 土&金符「エメラルドメガリス」 | Earth & Metal Sign "Emerald Megalith" | EoSD GoM |
St. 4: E/N/H/L — | |
| 月符「サイレントセレナ」 | Moon Sign "Silent Selene" | EoSD IaMP SWR GoM |
St. Ex Use Use — | |
| 日符「ロイヤルフレア」 | Sun Sign "Royal Flare" | EoSD IaMP SWR GoM |
St. Ex Use Use — | |
| 火水木金土符「賢者の石」 | Fire Water Wood Metal Earth Sign "Philosopher's Stone" | Five Elements: Fire, Water, Wood, Metal, Earth. This is sometimes used in English TLs. | EoSD IaMP SWR GoM |
St. Ex Use Use — |
| 火金符「セントエルモピラー」 | Fire Metal Sign "Saint Elmo's Pillar" | IaMP SWR |
Use Use | |
| 土水符「ノエキアンデリュージュ」 | Earth Water Sign "Noachian Deluge" | IaMP SWR |
Use Use | |
| 金木符「エレメンタルハーベスタ」 | Metal Wood Sign "Elemental Harvester" | IaMP SWR |
Use Use | |
| 符の壱「セントエルモエクスプロージョン」 | Sign I "St. Elmo's Explosion" | IaMP | Story | |
| 符の弐「デリュージュフォーティデイ」 | Sign II "Deluge Forty Days" | IaMP | Story | |
| 金土符「ジンジャガスト」 | Metal Earth Sign "Ginger Gust" | IaMP | Story | |
| 日&水符「ハイドロジェナスプロミネンス」 | Sun & Water Sign "Hydrogenous Prominence" | StB | St. 5 | |
| 水&火符「フロギスティックレイン」 | Water & Fire Sign "Phlogistic Rain" | StB | St. 5 | |
| 月木符「サテライトヒマワリ」 | Moon Wood Sign "Satellite Himawari" | Note: StB and GoM use "&". | StB SWR GoM |
St. 5 Use — |
| 日月符「ロイヤルダイヤモンドリング」 | Sun Moon Sign "Royal Diamond Ring" | Note: StB uses "&". | StB Soku |
St. 5 Use |
| 水符「ジェリフィッシュプリンセス」 | Water Sign "Jellyfish Princess" | SWR SWR |
Use Story | |
| 日木符「フォトシンセシス」 | Sun Wood Sign "Photosynthesis" | SWR | Use | |
| 火符「アキバサマー」 | Fire Sign "Akiba Summer" | SWR | Story | |
| 月金符「サンシャインリフレクター」 | Moon Metal Sign "Sunshine Reflector" | SWR | Story | |
| 火水符「フロギスティックピラー」 | Fire Water Sign "Phlogistic Pillar" | Soku | Use | |
| 土金符「エメラルドメガロポリス」 | Earth Metal Sign "Emerald Megalopolis" | Soku | Use | |
| 火符「リングオブアグニ」 | Fire Sign "Ring of Agni" | Soku | Story |
|
命のカード |
Life Card | |
|
スペルのカード |
Spell Card | |
|
欠けた命のカード |
Fragmented Life Card | |
|
欠けたスペルのカード |
Fragmented Spell Card | |
|
勝手に天下の回り物 |
Money Comes and Goes On its Own[281] | |
|
鈴瑚印の団子 |
Ringo-Brand Dango | |
|
不死鳥の尾 |
Phoenix's Tail |
|
陰陽玉 |
Yin-Yang Orb | |
|
陰陽玉(針) |
Yin-Yang Orb (Needle) | |
|
ミニ八卦炉 |
Mini-Hakkero | |
|
ミニ八卦炉(ミサイル) |
Mini-Hakkero (Missile) ...There was a time when I thought as much, too. | |
|
メイドナイフ |
Maid Knife You are not qualified to be a maid | |
|
メイドナイフ(跳弾) |
Maid Knife (Ricochet) Your shot becomes flashier, which feels great. | |
|
無事かえるお守り |
Safe Return Amulet[287] | |
|
蛇の抜け殻入りお守り |
Shed Snakeskin Amulet | |
|
半霊の半分 |
Half-Half Ghost | |
|
上海人形 |
Shanghai Doll | |
|
アイスフェアリー |
Ice Fairy | |
|
背中の扉 |
Back Door | |
|
鬱陶しいUFO |
Annoying UFO | |
|
太古の勾玉 |
Ancient Magatama |
|
空白のカード |
Blank Card[290] | |
|
守銭奴の教訓 |
Miser's Advice | |
|
神山への供物 |
Offerings to a Sacred Mountain | |
|
死穢回避の薬 |
Death Avoidance Elixir | |
|
幸運うさぎの足 |
Lucky Rabbit's Foot | |
|
弱肉強食の理 |
Law of the Survival of the Fittest | |
|
法力経典 |
Sutra of Dharmatic Power | |
|
小石ころ帽子 |
Pebble Hat[295] | |
|
はじける赤蛙 |
Bursting Red Frog | |
|
疾風の下駄 |
Gale Geta | |
|
偶像防衛隊 |
Idol Defense Corps | |
|
かぐや姫の隠し箱 |
Princess Kaguya's Secret Stash | |
|
頼りになる弟子狸 |
Reliable Tanuki Apprentice | |
|
弾幕の亡霊 |
Danmaku Ghost | |
|
鬼傑組長の脅嚇 |
Kiketsu Matriarch's Threat | |
|
地獄の沙汰も金次第 |
Money Is The Best Lawyer In Hell[298] | |
|
肉体強化地蔵 |
Physical Enhancement Jizo | |
|
転ばぬ先のスペル[299] |
Spell Before The Fall | |
|
商売上手な招き猫 |
Lucky Cat with Good Business Skills | |
|
山童的買い物術 |
Yamawaro Shopping Technique | |
|
ドラゴンキセル |
Dragon Pipe | |
|
暴食のムカデ |
Gluttonous Centipede | |
|
空色の勾玉 |
Sky-Blue Magatama[306] |
|
画面の境界 |
Screen Border | |
|
打ち出の小槌 |
Miracle Mallet | |
|
忍耐の要石 |
Keystone of Endurance | |
|
狂気の月 |
Moon of Madness | |
|
やんごとなき威光 |
Esteemed Authority | |
|
ヴァンパイアファング |
Vampire Fang | |
|
地底の太陽 |
Underground Sun | |
|
アイテムの季節 |
Item Season | |
|
重低音バスドラム |
Heavy Bass Drum | |
|
サイコキネシス |
Psychokinesis | |
|
霊力の標本瓶 |
Spirit Power Sample Bottle | |
|
大天狗の麦飯 |
Great Tengu's Barley Rice |
|
勝手に天下の回り物 |
Money Comes and Goes On its Own | |
|
勝手に天下の回り物 |
Money Comes and Goes On its Own | |
|
命のカード |
Life Card | |
|
クリエイターなら容易な事 |
No Problem for a Creator! | |
|
煤けた団扇 |
Soot-covered Uchiwa | |
|
数えたくなる羊 |
Sheep You Want to Count |
|
陰陽玉 |
Yin-Yang Orb | |
|
陰陽玉(針) |
Yin-Yang Orb (Needle) | |
|
ミニ八卦炉 |
Mini-Hakkero | |
|
ミニ八卦炉(ミサイル) |
Mini-Hakkero (Missile) | |
|
メイドナイフ |
Maid Knife | |
|
メイドナイフ(跳弾) |
Maid Knife (Ricochet) | |
|
無事かえるお守り |
Safe Return Amulet[315] | |
|
蛇の抜け殻入りお守り |
Shed Snakeskin Amulet | |
|
半霊の半分 |
Half-Half Ghost | |
|
半霊のスペア |
Spare Half-Ghost | |
|
上海人形 |
Shanghai Doll | |
|
アイスフェアリー |
Ice Fairy | |
|
静かなる輝き |
Quiet Twinkling | |
|
狂おしい静寂 |
Lunatic Silence | |
|
賑やかな無力 |
Exuberant Powerlessness | |
|
刺激的な鱗粉 |
Stimulating Scales | |
|
山姥の包丁 |
Yamanba's Kitchen Knife | |
|
舞い降りた兎 |
The Rabbit That Landed[322] | |
|
背中の扉 |
Back Door | |
|
鬱陶しいUFO |
Annoying UFO | |
|
太古の勾玉 |
Ancient Magatama | |
|
偶像防衛隊 |
Idol Defense Corps | |
|
攻撃的な宝塔 |
Offensive Jeweled Pagoda | |
|
自由気ままな生首 |
Freewheeling Severed Head | |
|
気ままな無脊椎動物 |
Laid-Back Invertebrate | |
|
ゆのみ霊夢 |
Teacup Reimu
| |
|
ゆのみ魔理沙 |
Teacup Marisa
|
|
空白のカード |
Blank Card | |
|
資本主義のジレンマ |
Capitalist's Dilemma | |
|
鈴瑚印の団子 |
Ringo-Brand Dango | |
|
肉体強化地蔵 |
Physical Enhancement Jizo | |
|
魔法使いの基礎勉強 |
Magician's Basic Study | |
|
法力経典 |
Sutra of Dharmatic Power | |
|
破壊の美学 |
Beauty of Destruction | |
|
龍の通り道 |
Dragon's Passage | |
|
けしかける狛犬 |
Unleash the Guardian Hounds[333] | |
|
疾風の下駄 |
Gale Geta | |
|
生命爆発の薬 |
Life Explosion Elixir | |
|
生命の豊穣 |
Bumper Crop of Life | |
|
不屈の脳筋 |
Indominable Meathead | |
|
不死鳥の尾 |
Phoenix's Tail | |
|
地獄の沙汰も金次第 |
Money Is The Best Lawyer In Hell | |
|
濡れた大蛇 |
Drenched Giant Snake[337] | |
|
守銭奴の教訓 |
Miser's Advice | |
|
神山への供物 |
Offerings to a Sacred Mountain | |
|
鬼傑組長の脅嚇 |
Kiketsu Matriarch's Threat | |
|
かぐや姫の隠し箱 |
Princess Kaguya's Secret Stash | |
|
詐欺うさぎの足 |
Scam Rabbit's Foot | |
|
小石ころ帽子[340] |
Pebble Hat | |
|
弾幕の亡霊 |
Danmaku Ghost | |
|
弱肉強食の理 |
Law of the Survival of the Fittest | |
|
はじける赤蛙 |
Bursting Red Frog | |
|
頼りになる弟子狸 |
Reliable Tanuki Apprentice | |
|
ドラゴンキセル |
Dragon Pipe | |
|
暴食のムカデ |
Gluttonous Centipede | |
|
酔狂の伊吹瓢 |
Drunkenly Whimsical Ibuki Gourd | |
|
商売上手な招き猫 |
Maneki-neko with Good Business Skills | |
|
山童的買い物術 |
Yamawaro Shopping Technique | |
|
命を焚く松明 |
Life-Burning Torch | |
|
抗いがたきジュリ扇 |
Irresistible Julie Fan[346] | |
|
純粋な自己肯定感 |
Pristine Self-Confidence | |
|
百回目のブラックマーケット |
Hundredth Black Market |
|
画面の境界 |
Screen Border | |
|
打ち出の小槌 |
Miracle Mallet | |
|
忍耐の要石 |
Keystone of Endurance | |
|
要石ミサイル |
Keystone Missile | |
|
狂気の月 |
Moon of Madness | |
|
やんごとなき威光 |
Esteemed Authority | |
|
ヴァンパイアファング |
Vampire Fang | |
|
地底の太陽 |
Underground Sun | |
|
アイテムの季節 |
Item Season | |
|
重低音バスドラム |
Heavy Bass Drum | |
|
サイコキネシス |
Psychokinesis | |
|
霊力の標本瓶 |
Spirit Power Sample Bottle | |
|
大天狗の麦飯 |
Great Tengu's Barley Rice | |
|
わかさぎの鱗 |
Smelt's Scales | |
|
正直すぎる道しるべ |
Too-Honest Signpost
| |
|
急がば三途の回り道 |
Hasty Detour of the Three Crossings
| |
|
ひらり布 |
Nimble Fabric[352] |
|
肉体強化地蔵 |
Physical Enhancement Jizo | |
|
陰陽玉 |
Yin-Yang Orb | |
|
ありがたい御札 |
Appreciated Talisman | |
|
ミニ八卦炉 |
Mini-Hakkero | |
|
蒐集家の教訓 |
Hoarder's Advice | |
|
けしかける狛犬 |
Unleash the Guardian Hounds[353] | |
|
見守る狛犬 |
Guardian Komainu | |
|
ペンデュラム |
Pendulum | |
|
ナズーリンロッド |
Nazrin Rods | |
|
舞い降りた月の兎 |
The Moon Rabbit That Landed | |
|
舞い降りた都会の兎 |
The City Rabbit That Landed | |
|
八坂神奈子のお守り |
Kanako Yasaka's Amulet | |
|
洩矢諏訪子のお守り |
Suwako Moriya's Amulet | |
|
化猫の式紙(前向き) |
Bakeneko's Shiki Paper (Front-Facing) | |
|
化猫の式紙(横向き) |
Bakeneko's Shiki Paper (Side-Facing) | |
|
幽霊運搬車 |
Phantom Transport Cart | |
|
ネコと和解せよ |
Make Peace With Cats[354] | |
|
狐入りの管(縦) |
Fox-Filled Tube (Vertical) | |
|
狐入りの管(横) |
Fox-Filled Tube (Horizontal) | |
|
移動する葉っぱ |
Mobile Leaf | |
|
ちょっと一服 |
Smoke Break | |
|
カワウソ頑張る |
Otterly Excited | |
|
カワウソびびる |
Otterly Nervous | |
|
勁牙組の威圧 |
Keiga Family's Pressure | |
|
勁牙組の厳しい上下関係 |
Keiga Family's Harsh Hierarchy | |
|
満腹動物霊 |
Full-Bellied Beast Spirits | |
|
捕食者の恐怖 |
Prey Animal's Terror | |
|
付いてくる瓢箪 |
Accompanying Gourd | |
|
常時酔拳 |
24/7 Drunken Fist | |
|
棒は投げられるもの |
Poles Are For Throwing | |
|
鬼傑組の肩書き |
Kiketsu Family Title | |
|
便利で危険なトラバサミ |
Useful & Dangerous Bear Trap | |
|
勁牙の仲間 |
Keiga Family Member | |
|
呪い尽された血 |
Curse-Soaked Blood | |
|
チュパカブラの人気 |
Chupacabra Popularity | |
|
屈辱の山葡萄 |
Amur Grapes of Disgrace | |
|
忌々しい黄泉の道 |
Loathsome Road to Yomi | |
|
無情の地 |
Heartless Land | |
|
攻撃こそ地獄の華 |
Aggression Is the Spice of Hell |

Patchouli manipulates the five Chinese elements (Wu Xing), making her an "Eastern style Western magician"—an antithesis to Marisa Kirisame's "Western style Eastern magician". She also adds the sun and moon elements, ordering them according to the days of the week on the Japanese calendar. Due to this, she is known as the "one-week girl".
The element order follows the weekday sequence, placing the Wu Xing phases first and sun and moon last:
Elemental magic borrows power from spirits that exist in nature, allowing Patchouli to achieve great output from small input. Because Wu Xing elements interact with each other, she can combine them to multiply their power, though this risks weakening the overall effect without precise control. When confronting enemies who also use elemental magic, these interactions allow her to effectively use her own magic while inhibiting her opponent's.
Patchouli uses spell cards that combine multiple elements. She employs both compatible combinations like Earth & Metal Sign "Emerald Megalith" and intentionally poor compatibility combinations like Water & Fire Sign "Phlogistic Rain". Sun and moon, classically opposite to each other, are combined in Sun & Moon Sign "Royal Diamond Ring". In Shoot the Bullet, she devised experimental magic combining elements with poor compatibility to increase power or cover weaknesses. Among Wu Xing, only the wood & earth combination has not appeared.
| Name | Translated | Comments | Games | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| サマーレッド | Summer Red | IaMP SWR |
236A/B Default 236B/C | |
| ウィンターエレメント | Winter Element | IaMP SWR |
236C Default 22B/C | |
| スプリングウィンド | Spring Wind | IaMP SWR |
623A/B Default 623B/C | |
| オータムエッジ | Autumn Edge | IaMP SWR |
214A/B Default 214B/C | |
| ドヨースピア | Doyou Spear | IaMP SWR |
421A/B/C Default 421B/C | |
| サマーフレイム | Summer Flame | SWR | Alternate 236B/C | |
| コンデンスドバブル | Condensed Bubble | SWR | Alternate 22B/C | |
| フラッシュオブスプリング | Flash of Spring | SWR | Alternate 623B/C | |
| オータムブレード | Autumn Blade | SWR | Alternate 214B/C | |
| エメラルドシティ | Emerald City | SWR | Alternate 421B/C | |
| 「エブリアングルショット」 | "Every Angle Shot" | Used remotely by Marisa. 5 different shots in one. | SA | Shot |
| 「ファイブシーズン」 | "Five Seasons" | Used remotely by Marisa | SA | Bomb |
| ワイプモイスチャー | Wipe Moisture | Soku | Alternate 236B/C | |
| スタティックグリーン | Static Green | Soku | Alternate 623B/C | |
| フォールスラッシャー | Fall Slasher | Soku | Alternate 214B/C | |
| ダイアモンドハードネス | Diamond Hardness | Soku | Alternate 421B/C | |
| スティッキーバブル | Sticky Bubbles | Soku | Alternate 22B/C |

| 火符「アグニシャイン」 | Fire Sign "Agni Shine" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 基礎魔法、本が燃える | • Notes: Basic magic, the book burns | |
| • 参考度 ★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★ | |
| 炎の渦巻きのスペルカード。最もシンプルでそれっぽい弾幕である。 | A fire vortex Spell Card. The most simple and danmaku-like danmaku. | |
| この位なら私でも簡単に使えると思うが、よく見ると避けやすいように渦巻にムラを作ってある。 | Even I could easily use something this simple, but if you look carefully, she's makin' the vortex wobble to open up gaps for dodging. | |
| その辺が余裕なのかも知れんが、一定間隔にムラが出来る様に火を出すにはコツが要りそうだ。 | That might show her composure, but I'd probably need some sorta knack to make the gaps form at fixed intervals. | |

| 水符「プリンセスウンディネ」 | Water Sign "Princess Undine" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 基礎魔法、本が濡れる | • Notes: Basic magic, the book gets soggy | |
| • 参考度 ★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★ | |
| 水玉をばらまくスペルカード。水玉は真っ直ぐ飛んでくるので読みやすい。 | A Spell Card that scatters water blobs. The water blobs fly in straight lines, so it's easily readable. | |
| だからレーザーを撃ってくるのだろう。難しさの調節の為に。 | That's probably why she shoots the lasers. To balance the difficulty. | |

| 木符「シルフィホルン」 | Wood Sign "Sylphy Horn" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 基礎魔法、本が舞う | • Notes: Basic magic, the book dances | |
| • 参考度 ★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★ | |
| 風に舞う木の葉のスペルカード。 | A Spell Card made of leaves dancing in the wind. | |
| この手の魔法は私も得意である。一度使うと後は見ているだけという楽ちんなスペルカードだが、こちらから直接手を下せないという問題もある。 | I'm good at this kind of magic, too. Spell Cards like this are easy as pie: you just activate them, then sit back an' watch. One problem is that you can't attack the opponent directly, though. | |

| 金符「メタルファティーグ」 | Metal Sign "Metal Fatigue" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 基礎魔法、本が何も起こらない | • Notes: Basic magic, the book nothin' happens [382] | |
| • 参考度 ★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★ | |
| 金属で出来た弾を投げつけるスペルカード。 | A Spell Card that hurls bullets made of metal. | |
| 弾は途中で壊れて分解する。弾幕の世界では壊れた方が難しい事が多い。何故なら、どんな弾に当たろうと負けは負けだからだ。 | The bullets break an' split apart in midair. In the world of danmaku, broken bullets are often tougher. Why? 'Cause a loss is a loss, no matter what kind of bullet hits ya. | |

| 土符「レイジィトリリトン」 | Earth Sign "Lazy Trilithon" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 基礎魔法、本が汚れる | • Notes: Basic magic, the book gets dirty | |
| • 参考度 ★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★ | |
| 泥玉を投げつけるスペルカード。 | A Spell Card that hurls mud balls. | |
| 泥遊びって奴だ。当たると泥まみれで泥臭い。 | It's basically playing in the mud. If you get hit, you get covered in mud and start t' stink. | |

| 月符「サイレントセレナ」 | Moon Sign "Silent Selene" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 上級魔法、静かに本が読める | • Notes: Advanced magic, you can read the book in silence | |
| • 参考度 ★★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★★ | |
| 月光が垂直に降り注ぐスペルカード。 | A Spell Card where moonlight pours down vertically. | |
| これまでの属性魔法は理解しやすかったが、月と日だけはどういう性質を持っているのか謎である。 | Her elemental magic up 'til now was easy to understand, but it's a mystery as to what properties "moon" and "sun" have. | |

| 日符「ロイヤルフレア」 | Sun Sign "Royal Flare" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 上級魔法、喉が渇く | • Notes: Advanced magic, your throat gets parched | |
| • 参考度 ★★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★★ | |
| 爆発的な光を生み出すスペルカード。 | A Spell Card that produces an explosive light. | |
| 回避は難しいが、ちゃんと避け方を用意しているところがスペルカードの何たるかを判っていると思う。 | It's hard to dodge, but the fact that she made sure to set up an evasion route shows that she knows what Spell Cards are for. | |

| 火&土符「ラーヴァクロムレク」 | Fire & Earth Sign "Lava Cromlech" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 合成魔法、汚れた本が燃える | • Notes: Combined magic, the dirty book burns | |
| • 参考度 ★★★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★★★ | |
| 火の玉と泥玉両方投げてくるスペルカード。泥が焼けて危険。 | A Spell Card that throws both fireballs and mud balls. It's dangerous 'cause the mud is flammable. | |
| 右手と左手で別々の魔法を使っているらしい。でも呪文詠唱しているらしいが、どうやって二つ同時に詠唱しているのだろうか。 | Seems like she's casting a different kind of magic with each hand. She apparently has to recite corresponding incantations, though, so I wonder how she's reciting two at the same time. | |

| 木&火符「フォレストブレイズ」 | Wood & Fire Sign "Forest Blaze" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 合成魔法、燃えた本が舞う | • Notes: Combined magic, the burnt books dance | |
| • 参考度 ★★★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★★★ | |
| 火の玉と木の葉のスペルカード。落ちてくる木の葉に火を当てると山火事になるので注意。 | A Spell Card made of fireballs and leaves. If the fire hits the falling leaves, you get a forest fire, so watch out. | |
| 木の葉は自動的に飛んでくるし、これなら多重詠唱もやりやすそうだ。少し狡い気もする。 | The leaves fly around automatically, which oughta make multiple incantations easier. Feels a bit unfair, though. | |

| 水&木符「ウォーターエルフ」 | Water & Wood Sign "Water Elf" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 合成魔法、濡れた本を風で乾かす | • Notes: Combined magic, dry the soggy books with wind | |
| • 参考度 ★★★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★★★ | |
| 水の玉と空気の玉を投げてくるスペルカード。なぜか木の葉ではない。 | A Spell Card that hurls water blobs and spheres of air. Not leaves, for some reason. | |

| 土&金符「エメラルドメガリス」 | Earth & Metal Sign "Emerald Megalith" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 合成魔法、エメラルドとアクアマリンは同じ石 | • Notes: Combined magic, emeralds and aquamarines are the same kinda stone | |
| • 参考度 ★★★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★★★ | |
| 泥玉をぶつけて宝石を生成するスペルカード。 | A Spell Card that synthesizes gemstones by smacking mud balls together. | |
| いわゆる錬金術って事? | Is this what they call alchemy? | |

| 月&木符「サテライトヒマワリ」 | Moon & Wood Sign "Satellite Himawari" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 合成魔法、静かに舞う | • Notes: Combined magic, dancing silently | |
| • 参考度 ★★★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★★★ | |
| ひまわりが月のように辺りを廻るスペルカード。 | A Spell Card where sunflowers orbit around you like the moon. | |
| どういうセンスをしたらひまわりがこんな弾幕になるのだろうか。パチュリー曰く、外の魔導書に書かれた地球を廻るひまわりを参考にしたらしいが。うーん。 | What kinda aesthetic sense would turn sunflowers into danmaku like this? According to Patchouli, she referenced a grimoire from outside that described a sunflower orbitin' the Earth. Uh... huh. | |

| 火水木金土符「賢者の石」 | Fire Water Wood Metal Earth Sign "Philosopher's Stone" | |
|---|---|---|
| • 使用者 パチュリー・ノーレッジ | • User: Patchouli Knowledge | |
| • 備考 合成魔法、本が色々あって奴隷タイプ | • Notes: Combined magic, slave-type with lotsa books | |
| • 参考度 ★★★★★★★ | • Reference Level: ★★★★★★★ | |
| 魔法の五つの基本要素をそれぞれ結晶化し、その石に魔法を撃たせるスペルカード。 | A Spell Card that crystallizes the five basic elements of her magic, then fires magic from the crystals. | |
| 数多くの魔法をいっぺんに呼び出す為、一つ一つの石から出る弾幕は弱め。恐らく自動的に弾幕を射出させる事しか出来ないのだろう。 | Since she's calling up a whole bunch of magic types at once, the danmaku shot by each individual gem is weak. She's probably only capable of making 'em fire automatically. | |
| こういう石の作り方を知りたいのだが、どの本を見ても具体的な作り方は書いていない。 | I wanna know how to make gems like these, but no matter what book I read, there aren't any specific procedures written. | |
| 賢者の石。本を見て判った事は、卑金属を貴金属に変えたり、みんなの体力を回復させたり、料理に振りかけて美味しく出来るという事だけだった。いやぁ作ってみたいぜ、賢者の石トッピングの五色弁当。 | The philosopher's stone... All I learned about it from books is that it can turn base metals into noble metals, it can restore everyone's health, an' sprinkling it on your cooking makes any dish taste delicious. Man, I'd love to make a five-colored lunch topped with philosopher's stone. [383][384] | |
Immaterial and Missing Power can be played using either a keyboard or a gamepad.
For Player 1 using a keyboard, the default controls are:
Character movement is represented using a numpad layout:
7 8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
Special inputs are performed by quickly pressing a sequence of directions followed by a button. For example:
The number 5 indicates no directional input.
For keyboards without a numpad, diagonals are produced by pressing two directional keys simultaneously. For example, Down + Right = 3 on the numpad layout.
Button notation in most game documentation uses A/B/C/D, though older sources (like readme.txt) may use P/K/S instead:
Input: 6 The character is able to advance across the battlefield, allowing them to apply pressure, close distance, or reposition during combat.
Input: 4 The character can retreat to create space, disengage from pressure, or reposition defensively.
Input: 2 The character can lower their stance, granting access to low-profile actions and certain techniques while reducing their hit area against high attacks.
Input: 7, 8, & 9 The character can leap into the air in multiple trajectories, enabling aerial attacks, evasive movement, and vertical repositioning.
Input: 6 6 The character performs a rapid burst of forward movement. During this action, they briefly enter a grazing state, allowing them to pass through certain threats while advancing. Some characters will dash farther if 6 is held.
Input: 4 4 The character quickly retreats with a burst of movement while entering a grazing state, providing both evasive mobility and defensive repositioning. Some characters will dash farther if 4 is held.
Input: 2 7, 2 8, & 2 9 The character executes a powerful leap that carries them higher and farther than a standard jump. This movement also applies grazing, making it effective for evasion and aerial control.
Input: 6 6 or 4 4 while in the air While airborne, the character can rapidly change their position midair. The number of air dashes available is limited until landing, with most characters performing 2 and Remilia being able to perform 3.
Input: A / B All characters possess close-range melee attacks that change based on proximity to the opponent.
Input: fA / fB When performed at greater distance, A and B become projectile-based attacks instead of melee strikes.
Input: 6A / 6B Enhanced melee attacks with increased reach and power compared to their neutral counterparts.
Input: 2A / 2B Low-profile melee attacks that hit crouching opponents or strike low.
Input: 8A / 8B Mid-air melee attacks used for aerial combat and pressure.
Input: 86A / 82A / 82B Specialized aerial attacks with directional emphasis.
Input: 22A / 22B Melee attacks designed to break an opponent’s guard and create openings.
Input: 66A / 66B / 6DA / 6DB Attacks performed during a forward dash that extend range and grant grazing properties.
Some characters possess multiple variants of these attacks.
Input: 66 2A / 66 2B / 6D2A / 6D2B Dash attacks that strike low while maintaining grazing properties.
Input: 6fA / 6fB / 2fA / 2fB Modified projectile attacks with altered angles, trajectories, or behaviors. Availability and functionality vary by character.
Input: 8fA / 8fB Mid-air versions of standard projectiles.
Input: 86fA / 82fA / 82fB Directional aerial projectile variants available only to select characters.
Input: C A distinct projectile separate from fA and fB, often possessing unique properties.
Input: 6C / 2C Modified versions of C with altered angles or effects.
Input: 8C An aerial version of the C projectile.
Input: 86C / 82C Specialized aerial C variants available to select characters.
Input: 22C The character deploys a bomb that knocks back nearby opponents. Bombs have limited stock and are replenished through item collection.
Input: 236D The character declares a Spell Card, entering a powerful state. The declaration grants temporary invincibility, with a brief vulnerable window at the start.
In addition to standard attacks, each character possesses a unique set of Special Moves. These techniques are executed through specific directional input sequences combined with attack inputs. While the exact techniques differ by character, the underlying input structures are largely standardized across the roster.
The available Special Moves and their corresponding input sequences are documented within in-game character profiles and practice interfaces.
Most characters utilize the following core directional sequences for their Special Moves:
Each input may produce different results depending on whether A, B, or C is used.
When a character is struck, any active projectiles she has on the screen are converted into collectible items and are immediately claimed by the opposing fighter. These items fall into two categories:
Spirit Items — Small blue squares labeled with “霊” (Spirit). Collecting these increases the fighter’s spirit gauge and they are the most frequently obtained item.
Bomb Items — Large green squares marked with a “B”. Collecting one increases the fighter’s bomb stock, up to a maximum of two bombs at any time.
Additionally, whenever a character is knocked down, the opponent automatically receives multiple spirit items. Roughly every third knockdown also grants the opponent a bomb item.
When an attack connects, a character can defend by holding a backward direction (1, 4, or 7). Successfully blocking greatly reduces incoming damage, often negating it entirely, though certain situations may apply penalties.
Melee attacks that are blocked under the correct conditions incur no penalty. However, some melee attacks require a specific blocking state—standing, crouching, or airborne—to be blocked properly. If such an attack is blocked in the wrong state, the block is considered incorrect. In these cases, the block effect appears red instead of blue, and the defending character suffers a loss to health and/or spirit.
Guard crush attacks (22A and 22B) follow special rules. If they are not blocked, they function as strong melee attacks. When blocking, 22A must be blocked while standing, and 22B must be blocked while crouching. Blocking either attack incorrectly results in the immediate loss of all spirit.
Projectiles that can be grazed cannot be blocked correctly. Blocking these projectiles causes minor health damage—sometimes limited to the red portion of the health bar—and also applies a spirit penalty.
In Story Mode, later bosses frequently use Spell Cards that feature unblockable projectiles. These attacks must be avoided through grazing or manual movement. Some Spell Cards include projectiles that cannot be blocked or grazed at all, requiring the character to fully move out of their path to avoid taking damage.
Spirit Power (霊力) governs a character’s ability to fire projectiles, defend against attacks, execute special moves, and activate Spell Cards. The current amount is shown on the Spirit Gauge (霊力ゲージ) at the lower-left of the screen. Different actions consume different amounts of spirit. If no spirit is spent for a short period, the gauge will begin to recover automatically, with spirit items accelerating this regeneration.
When a character’s Spirit Power is fully depleted, the gauge turns red. While in this state, the character cannot use projectiles or special moves until the gauge has fully refilled. If spirit is exhausted as a result of an incorrect block, the character is also briefly stunned. During spirit depletion, sA and sB lose their enhanced properties and function the same as A and B. Spirit recovery continues normally, and spirit items still restore gauge value.
Blocking behavior also changes while spirit is drained. Melee attacks can only be blocked correctly; even when blocked properly, the character still takes health damage using a distinct block animation. If a melee attack is blocked incorrectly, it will connect as though no block was attempted. Projectiles may only be blocked while grounded; airborne blocking is ineffective, and the projectile will hit regardless.
Grazing occurs when a character is dashing, super jumping, or performing specific actions that allow them to temporarily avoid damage. While grazing, projectiles pass through the character without dealing harm, and in some cases, the projectile is destroyed upon contact.
Certain high-level attacks, especially from endgame Story Mode bosses, feature Spell Cards with unblockable and ungrazeable projectiles. These attacks cannot be avoided by standard grazing, requiring the character to manually move out of the projectile’s path to prevent damage.
Spell Cards are powerful, visually striking attacks that characters can use once they have accumulated enough Sign Power (符力), displayed near the Spirit Gauge. Each character can select two Spell Cards prior to a fight: one for the first (white) health bar, called the First Sign (壱符), and one for the second (red) health bar, called the Second Sign (弐符). Second Signs are typically enhanced versions of the First Sign, though some may be entirely unique.
Accumulating Sign Power is achieved by dealing or receiving damage, as well as collecting items. When a character declares a Spell Card (by pressing 22D), their background darkens, a seal appears beneath them, and a timer starts. If the timer reaches zero, the declaration ends, preventing further Sign Power accumulation for that round.
Activating a Spell Card is usually done with 236D, though some have an alternate 214D input. Certain Spell Cards may require an additional input to deal damage. There is a brief vulnerability window at the start of the animation; if the character is hit, the Spell Card is canceled, wasting one Sign Power. Once successfully activated, the character becomes briefly invincible. Using a Spell Card consumes both Sign Power and Spirit Power, though declarations may continue if Sign Power is depleted, except in specific cases like Marisa's Final Spark, which consumes all resources and ends the declaration after one use.
Spell Card images include corner symbols indicating their function: a circle for ranged, a sword for melee, and a crescent moon for special utility effects. The top right corner indicates whether the card is a First Sign or Second Sign.
Scarlet Weather Rhapsody can be played using either a keyboard or a gamepad.
For Player 1 on keyboard, the default inputs are configured as follows:
Movement notation follows the standard numpad-style directional layout:
7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3
Directional notation always assumes the character is positioned on the left side of the screen. As a result, “forward” and “backward” reverse depending on screen position, but the numerical notation remains consistent.
Diagonal directions can be produced on a keyboard by pressing two directional keys simultaneously. For example, pressing Up and Right at the same time corresponds to 9, while Down and Left corresponds to 1.
Special actions are executed by inputting rapid directional sequences followed by a button press. For example:
The number 5 is occasionally used in notation to explicitly indicate a neutral state with no directional input.
For keyboards without a physical numpad, directional inputs are still represented using this system, with diagonals achieved through simultaneous key presses.
Most in-game documentation uses the A/B/C/D notation for button inputs. However, some older references may instead use P, K, and S:
The character can move toward the opponent to close distance or apply pressure. Input: 6
The character can move away from the opponent to create space or reposition defensively. Input: 4
The character can lower their stance, enabling low-profile movement and access to crouching actions. Input: 2
The character can jump backward, vertically, or forward, allowing aerial movement and attacks. Input: 7 (backward jump), 8 (neutral jump), 9 (forward jump)
The character performs a rapid forward movement. During this action, the character enters a grazing state, allowing certain projectiles to pass through. Input: 66 Alternate Input: D + 6 Note: Holding the forward direction may cause some characters to dash farther.
The character performs a rapid backward movement while entering a grazing state, providing evasive mobility. Input: 44 Alternate Input: D + 4 Note: Holding the backward direction may cause some characters to dash farther.
The character executes an enhanced jump that travels higher and farther than a standard jump while applying grazing. Input: 27, 28, or 29 Alternate Input: D + 7, D + 8, or D + 9
While airborne, the character can perform a rapid burst of movement forward or backward. The number of air dashes is limited before landing, with most characters able to perform two by default. Certain conditions, such as Wind weather, may increase this limit. Air dashes do not consume Spirit Power and cover a fixed distance. Air dashes and flight share the same usage limit. Using one reduces the remaining opportunities for the other before landing. For example, performing an air dash reduces the number of available flight actions, and vice versa. This shared limitation also applies under special conditions such as Wind weather. Input (airborne): 66 (forward), 44 (backward)
While airborne, the character can enter a sustained movement state that allows controlled flight. During flight, the character is considered to be grazing but consumes Spirit Power over time. Flight continues as long as the input is held or until Spirit Power is depleted. Input (airborne): D + direction
Common flight directions include:
While flying, the character can change direction mid-flight by switching directional inputs while continuing to hold D.
All characters possess a standard set of basic attacks. Certain attacks change properties depending on whether the input is tapped or held. A tapped A input is referred to as "A", while a held A input is referred to as "[A]".
Additionally, some attacks vary based on distance. Pressing A while very close to the opponent results in one version, while pressing A at a farther distance produces a different version (the exact distance varies by character). The close-range version is referred to as "A", while the farther version is referred to as "f.A".
A fast melee attack.
A slightly slower melee attack with increased reach and power compared to A.
A slower but significantly longer-reaching and more powerful melee attack.
A fast, low-hitting melee attack that does not change based on distance.
Functionally similar to 6A, but hits low instead of mid.
An airborne-only melee attack that generally strikes upward.
Guard Crush attacks. These are performed by holding the A button while using the respective directional input.
A light projectile attack.
A variant of B that is aimed higher.
A variant of B that is aimed lower.
A heavier projectile attack with different properties from B.
A heavier projectile attack that is usually aimed straight forward.
A heavier projectile attack that is usually aimed upward.
All of the above attacks also have aerial variants when performed while airborne.
Most projectile attacks can be charged by holding the input button ([B] or [C]). Charged projectiles typically release additional bullets or enhanced effects. An audible sound cue plays when a charged projectile or a Guard Crush attack is successfully executed.
These are attacks performed during a forward dash. They are generally dashing melee attacks that move the character forward farther than standard attacks. Depending on the character, these attacks may also apply grazing.
Attack properties, ranges, speeds, and behaviors can vary significantly between characters, and many general rules have character-specific exceptions.
Input: 66 + A / B / C
The character possesses a set of SpecialMoves distinct from standard attacks. These techniques are executed through specific directional input sequences combined with attack inputs. The exact effects and behavior of each technique depend on the character.
In some cases, the same technique may be executed through more than one input sequence. Likewise, input sequences that produce a technique for one character may not produce the same result for another character.
The following notation is used when listing Special Technique inputs: - “>” indicates sequential inputs. - “Hold” indicates the input is held rather than tapped. - “+” indicates inputs performed simultaneously.
The availability and behavior of these Special Techniques vary by character. This section reflects common input structures rather than guaranteed results.
Hold A Hold B Hold C
Front + A Front + B Front + C
Front + Hold A Front + Hold B Front + Hold C
Back + B
Front > Hold Front until condition is met + A Front > Hold Front until condition is met + B Front > Hold Front until condition is met + C
Front > Down > Front + A Front > Down > Front + B Front > Down > Front + C
Back > Down > Back + A Back > Down > Back + B Back > Down > Back + C
Down + A Down + B Down + C
Down + Front + A Down + Front + Hold A
Down > Front + A Down > Front + B Down > Front + C
Down > Back + B Down > Back + C
Down > Down + B Down > Down + C
Jump > A Jump + A
Jump > B Jump > C
Jump > Hold B Jump > Hold C
Jump > Down + A Jump > Down + B Jump > Down + C
Jump > Down + Hold A Jump > Down + Hold B Jump > Down + Hold C
Jump > Front + A Jump > Front + C Jump > Front + Hold C
Jump > Down > Front + A Jump > Down > Front + B Jump > Down > Front + C
Jump > Down > Back + B Jump > Down > Back + C
Jump > Back > Down > Back + B Jump > Back > Down > Back + C
Jump > Front > Down > Front + B Jump > Front > Down > Front + C
Standard
The character is able to guard against incoming attacks by holding a backward direction. Successful blocking greatly reduces or negates damage, though certain conditions may result in penalties.
Melee attacks can be blocked correctly, preventing penalties entirely. However, some melee attacks require the character to be in a specific state—standing, crouching, or airborne—to be blocked correctly. Blocking such an attack in an incorrect state results in a spirit penalty. Incorrect blocks are visually indicated by a red block effect and accompanied by an audible cue.
Guard Crush
Certain attacks function as Guard Crush techniques. When unblocked, these attacks behave as powerful melee strikes. When blocked, each Guard Crush attack has a required blocking state. Blocking a Guard Crush attack incorrectly results in the temporary loss of a spirit orb and leaves the character briefly vulnerable.
Projectile and Special Attack Interaction
Standard grazable projectiles cannot be blocked correctly. Blocking these attacks results in a spirit penalty. Special attacks and Spell Card techniques additionally inflict chip damage to the character’s health alongside spirit damage when blocked.
The character can perform a Border Escape to disengage while trapped in a guarding state. This action allows the character to reposition by escaping in a chosen direction, creating space or avoiding continued pressure.
Executing a Border Escape consumes one spirit orb as a cost for its use.
Spirit is a resource required to fire projectiles and activate certain special techniques. Rather than a single continuous gauge, spirit is represented by multiple individual orbs that are consumed when these actions are performed.
When spirit is not actively used, depleted orbs gradually regenerate over time. However, if the character suffers a guard crush or performs a Border Escape, one spirit orb becomes temporarily disabled and cannot be used until it naturally recovers.
While spirit orbs are disabled, the character retains access to projectiles, special techniques, and flight, but with reduced capacity. As more orbs are rendered unusable, available offensive and mobility options become increasingly limited. In this weakened state, the character is also more susceptible to further guard crushes, as spirit penalties apply regardless of how many active orbs remain.
Grazing is a defensive state that occurs during certain movement actions, such as rapid movement or aerial maneuvers. While grazing, incoming projectiles pass through the character without dealing damage.
In some cases, successfully grazing a projectile will also cause the projectile to be neutralized. Grazing is primarily used to bypass projectile pressure while maintaining mobility.
Spell Cards are powerful, one-time-use abilities that can be activated during combat. Characters assemble a "deck" of 20 Cards, which gradually become available as the character deals or takes damage. Deck composition is customizable in the Player Profile, but must always contain exactly 20 Cards.
Activation is performed by pressing B and C simultaneously. Characters can switch between available Cards by pressing A and B simultaneously.
Cards are divided into three types:
Some Spell Cards require multiple Cards in hand to activate, while others can be used with fewer. Availability is indicated by a glowing border around the Card's image.
Standard Tactics:
Weaknesses
The Touhou Project franchise canoncity mainly falls under any media worked on by ZUN are official and canon to the overall lineup.
There are various aspects constantly debated about within the canon:
Media like PC-98, has been noted by ZUN to be ignored as one can ignore derivative works[397]. He has also said that anything prior to Embodiment of Scarlet Devil can for the most part be ignored and one can think of Embodiment of Scarlet Devil as the starting from a clean slate and starting a new series[398], he's also referred to Highly Responsive to Prayers as a study product[399]. With this in mind, one would assume that PC-98 is thus non-canon to the Windows continuity of games.
However, ZUN has also directly stated PC-98 games are the same world as the Windows Games, stating that any contradictions that exist from PC-98 can be ignored from the retcon in Windows Era[400]. While one argues ZUN noting the works are derivative works to be ignored and Embodiment of the Scarlet Devil should be seen as the starting point, these statements are moreso telling a fan to not worry about having to play PC-98 games or learn more about their stories.
It's also been noted in Embodiment of Scarlet Devil's おまけ.txt that the game chronologically is not too far from the previous title, which would be Mystic Square, the PC-98 title[401]. ZUN has also directly brought back characters from PC-98 games, noting he wanted to bring back characters from before Embodiment of Scarlet Devil and notes any of the other older characters that don't appear have probably retired by now and are warmly watching over things from various places nowadays[402]. When asked where Mima from PC-98 has gone, ZUN notes that he doesn't bring them back due to making things complicated and having potentially angry fans ask where she has been the entire time, he has also noted that there's not much use for characters like Genji as Reimu can fly now and also notes he is not dead[403]. ZUN has also made mention to Genji probably living in the lake in the back of the shrine[404]. In Touhou Sangetsusei ~ Strange and Bright Nature Deity, Reimu and Marisa were talking about glowing moss with Reimu saying it would be nice to transfer it to the pond in the back of the Hakurei Shrine and Marisa saying that she could make it grow there on the turtles' back, referencing Genji[405].
In Touhou 07 Perfect Cherry Blossom, when Alice meets Reimu, she tells her long time no see, noting that they've met before calling her "old friend"[406]. In Yuuka's mode in Touhou Project - Phantasmagoria of Flower View, Reimu directly references defeating Yuuka back in PC-98[407]. If Yuuka defeats Marisa in the same game, she will note that Marisa has grown up quite a bit, when the last time she's seen her has been in PC-98[408].
Seeing as ZUN himself has directly said both PC-98 and Windows are in the same world and that characters directly acknowledged PC-98 events and reference characters from it, PC-98 is completely canon and any contradictions PC-98 have can be ignored.
Touhou 7.5 - Immaterial and Missing Power takes place between Perfect Cherry Blossom and Imperishable Night[409].
In the series, there are multiple playable character routes, including some where the characters fight Reimu herself and defeat her, calling question into what route is canon. ZUN has elaborated that canonically, anytime Reimu and the gang are defeated, they challenge again however many times they want, but on the youkai side, they do not challenge again after being defeated and are not attached to the results of winning or losing[410].
In terms of how playable routes have went, some examples of canonically noted routes:
With some of these examples, it is normally assumed that in some way Reimu has some part in resolving every incident and other routes are dubiously canon depending on what transpired.
There are many cases of weaker humans beating stronger Yokai or vice versa within the Touhou series, this has been elaborated on in Reimu's profile on Perfect Memento in Strict Sense. Reimu introduced the spell card rules as the youkai had no way to defeat the Hakurei shrine maiden, making many youkai feel that their meaning to exist have dissapeared[228]. The rules incoporate the following:
The original draft held these rules[414]:
These rules allows for duels that feel almost like sport rather then a match, and have allowed for weaker fighters to challenge stronger ones, due to this though, it also has become possible for youkai to freely defeat Reimu without worrying about the consequences.
Due to them being written into cards and essentially affecting the ability and power of an attack, the spell cards are likely the thing binding attacks to specific properties.
Parallel Worlds is a topic brought up at some points in the Touhou Project franchise, they are worlds called "Probability Worlds" by Yumemi, stating that those and parallel worlds are one and the same[415]. This essentially means that parallel worlds in Touhou are based on the concept of probability. Yumemi and Chiyuri use a "Probability Space Hypervessel" in order to travel to alternate worlds and time periods[416], further showcasing that probabiliy serves an importance.
There[417] are[418] multiple[419] occasions[420] of[421] characters[422] commenting[423] on[424] humans like[425] Reimu[426] being strong[427]. Despite this Reimu showcases physical strength that isn't superhuman, such as the fact that she cannot cut a bamboo stick while Fujiwara direclty does in front of her.
This is due to the difference between magical and physical strength.
In works like Symposium of Post-mysticism, Yuugi Hoshiguma's profile has Suika directly state that Yuugi is weaker then her in magical powers, but stronger than her physically[428], lining a clear difference between magical and physical strength.
While one can be physically stronger then another, such as how Onis are physically the strongest, magic users are still able to keep up with them due to using a different form of attack.
An example can be found with Yuugi herself, when Reimu fights against her in Subterranean Animism[429], with her acknolwedging her strength[430], something Yuugi only does to those who are truly strong[428]. This establishes even with spellcard rules, Yuugi considers Reimu a strong fighter. Reimu herself is very clearly not at an oni's physical strength, as she cannot do the things they can, however, her magical strength allows her to keep up with them.
To defend against magical based properties requires Non-Standard Defenses as it is acknowledged as not being something of standard physicality.
In Chapter 27 of Curiosities of Lotus Asia, Reimu proceeds to explain how reality works to Rinnosuke and Marisa, where she explains in-depth the three layers of reality.
This conversation started from discussing the mechanism of fortune, where Rinnosuke attempted to posit that the future is predetermined and that Reimu's luck was her being able to calculate in an instant the predetermined future, however Reimu had a different explanation requiring her to lecture on the mechanisms of probability[431], in her explanation, the world is made up of three layers: the physical layer that moves in accuracy with the laws of physics, the second layer that moves with the spirit, and the third layer of memory which is the recollection of events that lies within all things[21]. The memory layer rejects the loop of the physical and mental layers, the two layers the youkai conceive of the world which is why they believe history repeats itself and the future is predetermined. Since it's only possible to add to the memory layer, it's possible to completely recreate the past.
While the physical layer follows the laws of physics, the mental layer interprets the outcomes and the memory layer alters the probability, essentially creating the future, since it's impossible for memories to raech the same state as a point in the past, the future is not predetermined, thus when Reimu is able to predict how the dice will fall, she's not predicting the fall of the dice, the dice members the fact that she predicted how the dice would fall, thus due to this, Reimu entering the memory of the die-face greatly skews the results in Reimu's favor, where the results side with Reimu[432].
Thus the memory layer is essentially the most important layer that rejects the notion of loops from the previous two layers.
In the Touhou Project series, it is made very apparent that dream and reality are in truth one and the same.
In Changeability of Strange Dream, Maribel Hearn has a conversation with Renko Usami about how she is bringing objects out of her dreams[433], which Maribel posits that truth exists within subjectivity, if one can see the same sights over and over again then that's the kind of place it is as such dreams are nothing like the antonym of reality[434], where much longer ago people did not draw a distinction between dreams and reality[435], with Maribel reiterating that dreams and reality are the same[436].
In Legacy of Lunatic Kingdom it is shown that the Dream World is a separate plane[437], that in games like Antinomy of Common Flower are shown to have influence[438] on reality[439].
In the Urban Legends in Limbo finale, Sumireko notes that she is able to travel between the human world and Gensokyo whenver she sleeps, where her dream self enters Gensokyo[440] making her innately unable to be interacted with[441].
Patchouli speaking with Aya and Sakuya in Bohemian Archive in Japanese Red
Patchouli with other people in the Scarlet Devil Mansion in Bohemian Archive in Japanese Red
Patchouli speaking to Aya in Bohemian Archive in Japanese Red
Patchouli revealing to Hong Meiling that she made the crop cicles in Bohemian Archive in Japanese Red
Patchouli in Cage in Lunatic Runagate
Patchouli in Cage in Lunatic Runagate
Patchouli sitting in Foul Detective Satori
Patchouli's different color palettes from Touhou Hisoutensoku. The second one is the same as her second color palette in Scarlet Weather Rhapsody, while the third one is the same as her Immaterial and Missing Power palette.
Patchouli's fortune slip in Whispered Oracle of Hakurei Shrine
| Profiles |
|
The Girl of Knowledge and Shade Patchouli Knowledge Ability: Manipulating fire, water, wood, metal, earth, sun, and moon The 4th stage boss. She is the friend of the young mistress and is a witch who has lived for 100 years. The "One-week Girl". Her weak constitution makes her poor at physical combat, but she makes up for for that with her various and powerful magical attacks. Patchouli's ribbon is not a holy charm, but rather an accessory that boosts magic power. As a genuine witch, she possesses terrifying sorcerous powers. However, due to her natural asthma, she has difficulty reciting her incantations to the end. She also seems to have a vitamin A deficiency. Maybe her windowless library room is dusty. No, obviously, it's very dusty. But with all the time she spends near her books, she feels that they're a part of her and cannot stand to be separated from them. She's lived this way for a hundred years or so. Total of twenty-one card attacks. |
○知識と日陰の少女 パチュリー・ノーレッジ 能力:火+水+木+金+土+日+月を操る程度の能力
もともと病弱で肉弾戦が苦手ですが、圧倒的多彩な魔法攻撃でそれをカバーしてます。パチュリーのリボンは御札ではなく、魔法力を高めるためのアクセサリです。 本物の魔女なので、魔法力は恐ろしいものがあります。ただ、生まれつきの喘息のためスペルが唱えきれません。ビタミンAも足りてないようです。
もしかしたら、窓の無い図書室が埃っぽいのかも知れません。いや普通に考えたら埃っぽいです。でも彼女は、本の近くにいるものこそが自分だと思っているため、本のそばから離れることが出来ません。100年くらい。 カードアタック 全21種。 |
Touhou Project - Embodiment of Scarlet Devil |
| The Unmoving Great Library, Patchouli Knowledge Species: Witch A witch who has settled down in the Scarlet Devil Mansion. Unlike the mistress of the house, she is not weak against sunlight; however, she does not go out much. She spends her days in a library where the sunlight cannot reach. This is so that the books won't be damaged, but the unhealthy atmosphere is bad for her health. She doesn't have a very proactive personality, but rather always walks her own path. However, she is always interested where knowledge is concerned and will proactively go and try to acquire it. She does everything by the book, but still makes a lot of mistakes. Although she is quite skillful, her complete lack of physical fighting ability can't be helped. She pretty much never attempts to directly punch or kick her opponent. She makes up for this with her knowledge of a great variety of powerful magic. She's more at ease using magic than trying to attack physically. Dividing the magic she uses according to the days of the week is a secret hobby of hers, but no one has realized this. |
○動かない大図書館 パチュリー・ノーレッジ 種族:魔女 紅魔館に住み着く魔女。この家の主人とは異なり、日光には弱くないが余り出歩かない。生活している図書館も日光が届かない所にある。こ<れは本が傷まない様にする為の配慮であるが、空気は良くない為、健康に良くない。 性格も積極的な方ではなく、常に我が道を行く。ただ、好奇心は高く知識に関しては積極的に取り入れる。全て本に依る物だが間違いも多い。 器用さは持ち合わせているが、いかんせん非力な上に体術の心得は全くない。直接殴ったり蹴ったりは殆どしない。その代わり強力で多彩な魔法を会得している。殴るくらいなら魔法を使った方が楽である。曜日にあわせて魔法を使い分けるのが密かな趣味であるが、誰もその事には気が付かない。 |
Touhou Project - Immaterial and Missing Power |
| The Unmoving Great Library Patchouli Knowledge Race: Witch. Occupation: Witch. Place of residence: Scarlet Devil Manor. Ability: The ability to work magic (primarily elemental magic). Personality: Gloomy and taciturn. Gloomy just means she isn't very sociable. Her spirits aren't so gloomy. |
○動かない大図書館 パチュリー・ノーレッジ
職業:魔女 住家:紅魔館 能力:魔法(主に精霊魔法)を扱う程度の能力 性格:口数も少なめで暗い。 暗いといっても、ただ愛想が悪いだけで思考は暗くない。 |
Touhou Project - Scarlet Weather Rhapsody |
| Great Unmoving Library Patchouli Knowledge Species: magician A magician living in Scarlet Devil Manor. She noticed a great number of earth spirits welling up from the geyser. On close inspection, these earth spirits looked just like phantoms, but they were actually vengeful spirits, a slightly different variety. Unlike phantoms, vengeful spirits bear grudges against the world. They were a threat to humans, youkai, and fairies alike. Although she wanted to take her time to look for a book on vengeful spirits, it would have been quite dangerous if no one were to check on the geyser. Frustrated, Patchouli went to consult Yukari. Yukari, who was also surprised by the state of affairs, devised a plan to get the humans to explore the underworld. |
○動かない大図書館 パチュリー・ノーレッジ 種族:魔法使い 紅魔館に住んでいる魔法使い。 間欠泉から大量の地霊達が湧いている事に気付いた。 自分はじっくり怨霊が載っている本を探したいのだが、まず誰かに間欠泉の調査をさせなければ危ない。 |
Touhou Project - Subterranean Animism |
| Patchouli Knowledge Magician/Ability to use magic (primary attribute) An old friend of Remilia's who has settled down into the great library in the cellars of Scarlet Devil Mansion. She has mastered many magics and is inventing new ones every day. However, her body is frail, and due to asthma, she often has difficulty chanting her spells. As a member of the race called "magician", her nature is fundamentally different from that of magicians like Marisa who studied magic later in life. |
パチュリー・ノーレッジ (ぱちゅりーのーれっじ) 魔法使い/魔法(主に属性)を使う程度の能力 |
Touhou Bougetsushou |
| Although it's a mystery why Reimu chose to break into the library first, she's a bookworm witch living in that library. I never thought about adding vertical stripes to her clothes, but in the majority of fanwork, her dress was in vertical striped patterns. I guess she had two sets of clothes, one for outdoor and one for home (lol) I feel like I didn't make her stance in EoSD very clear. Actually, she might've been the perpetrator who released the red mist that covered Gensokyo, as she's adept in many kinds of magic. |
何で霊夢は最初に図書館に入ったのか判りませんが、図書館に棲み着いている本の虫の魔女です。当初、僕は服に縦縞の柄を入れたつもりではなかったのですが、二次創作では縦縞の服が主流になっています。多分、よそ行きと普段着で使い分けているんでしょう(笑) 紅魔郷にいおける彼女の立ち位置は、作品内で明確ではなかった気がしますが、実際に紅い霧で幻想郷を覆った実行犯は色んな魔法を得意とする彼女だったんでしょうね。 |
Dai Touhouten plaque |
One example of this is believed to be in Touhou 02's Stage 3 Scarlet Dream ~ Scarlet Dream where it displays stars and a space-like effect in the background[442], however this is actually the World of Fantasies, the world that lies between Makai and the human world, with Genji confirming this is definetely not outerspace as Reimu can breathe just fine there[443].
This is an argument that spawns from how small the characters look in different works, though this is moreso due to the "moe" artstyle Touhou tries to capture, in many of the manga characters look far older.
Majority of characters in the series are outright shown to drink alcohol on a daily basis[444], where one needs to be at least 20 years old under Japanese law to drink, where Japanese law requires no underaged characters to be shown drinking. This is even acknowledged in the series itself with a note saying alcohol is only for those over 20 years old[445]. Thus if a character is ever seen drinking alcohol in the series, they are an adult.
The only direct non-adults in the series are Sumireko Usami, Chiyuri Kitashirakawa, and Hieda no Akyuu in her first appearance.
This statement comes from a fan translation that says this in Curiosities of Lotus Asia[446].
While the statement seems clear cut, there is another translation used instead that makes more sense with the sentence.
It instead notes that most youkai concieve of the world through these two layers, which is why they believe the future is pre-determined and history repeats itself[447]. This falls in line with the earlier disucssion of Rinnosuke claiming that he believes the future to be predetermined and Reimu needing to explain to him why that's not the case[431].
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